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采用无水乙醇提取油菜花瓣色素,在439nm波长下测定提取液的吸光度,实现对甘蓝型油菜白花性状的量化观察,并应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型多世代联合分析法,对甘蓝型油菜杂交组合(HW 243×HZ 21-1)和(HW 243×中油821)的P1、P2、F1、F2、B1和B2世代群体进行分析,研究花瓣颜色的遗传特性。结果显示:甘蓝型油菜白花性状表现为数量性状,其遗传符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型(E-O),以主基因作用为主,多基因的作用相对较小;2对主基因的加性、显性和上位性效应均具有较大的作用;主基因的遗传力较高;受环境影响较小。在F2群体中主基因的遗传率为95.51%和96.35%,多基因遗传率为3.65%和2.43%;在B1群体中主基因的遗传率为53.00%和49.59%,多基因遗传率分别为39.93%和39.84%;在B2群体中主基因的遗传率为97.38%和95.51%,多基因遗传率分别为2.17%和1.57%。
The ethanol extract of rape petal pigment was used to measure the absorbance of the extract at 439nm wavelength to realize the quantitative observation of the white flower traits of Brassica napus and the multiple generations combined analysis of the major gene + polygene mixed plant model of quantitative traits. The F1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 of the rapeseed crosses (HW 243 × HZ 21-1) and (HW 243 × Zhongyou 821) were used to analyze the genetic characteristics of petal color. The results showed that the white flower traits of Brassica napus showed quantitative traits, and the inheritance was consistent with two pairs of additive-dominance-epistatic major genes + additive-dominance-epistatic polygenic genetic model (EO) The effect of main and polygenes was relatively small. The additive, dominant and epistatic effects of major genes both had a greater effect. The major genes had higher heritability and less affected by the environment. The heritability of major genes in F2 population was 95.51% and 96.35%, respectively. The heritability of multiple genes was 3.65% and 2.43% respectively. The heritability of major genes in Bl population was 53.00% and 49.59%, respectively, and the polygene heritabilities were 39.93 % And 39.84% respectively. The heritability of the major genes in the B2 population was 97.38% and 95.51% respectively, and the polygene heritabilities were 2.17% and 1.57% respectively.