一、概述 在西德埋藏深度达1300米的煤层,仍采用长壁法进行开采。1977年统计的平均采深为830米,目前,工作面的深度还在逐年增加。在这种标高下,地压的影响开始显著增大,给采矿和安全都可能带来极大的影响。而且,像机械化程度高、产量大的工作面,停产所产生的影响是很大的,所以对围岩的控制提出了更严格的要求,这也可见于其他欧洲产煤国家。近几年来,研究、探讨深部回采工作面和巷道的围岩控制成了他们共同的主要目标。从一系列的研究成果来看,今日西德的采矿技术人员已经掌握了控制地压及其影响的技术。他们能够模拟巷道和设计 I. Overview In western Germany buried coal seam depth of 1,300 meters, still using longwall mining method. In 1977, the average surveyed depth was 830 meters. At present, the depth of working face is still increasing year by year. At this elevation, the effect of ground pressure began to increase significantly, both for mining and safety may have a tremendous impact. Furthermore, the impact of shutdowns on highly mechanized and yield-prone work surfaces is substantial, so stricter requirements are placed on the control of the surrounding rock, as can also be seen in other European coal-producing countries. In recent years, researching and discussing the surrounding rock control of deep mining face and roadway has become their common main goal. Judging from a series of research results, today’s mining technicians in West Germany have mastered the technology of controlling the pressure and its effects. They can simulate roadway and design