建立在论题学基础上的法律论证理论认为,针对个案的法律是法官对法律的创造性运用。法官的判决同样有一个“提问辩难”的问题。批判性思维训练可以帮助我们从(往往是相互冲突的)多种观点或参考系分析并解决问题。诉讼各方从角色职责出发,代表自己的利益,彼此独立,据理力争,避免一方独白式的论证。法律追求的公平和正义在合力中产生。在论题学法学的思考方式下,法官必须具备“高度的精神自由与形成确定意见的能力”。 The theory of legal argumentation, which is based on the theory of the subject, holds that case-specific law is the judge’s creative use of the law. The judge’s judgment also has a “question and defense” issue. Critical thinking training can help us analyze and solve problems from a variety of (often conflicting) perspectives or frame of reference. The parties to the proceedings, proceeding from the roles and responsibilities, represent their own interests, are independent of each other, argue reasonably and avoid the monologue demonstration of one side. The law pursues justice and justice in the resultant. In the way of thinking of jurisprudence, the judge must have “a high degree of spiritual freedom and the ability to form a definite opinion.”