Objective: The aim of our research was to study the incidence, clinical diagnosis and treatment of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC)-related sepsis in breast cancer patients carrying PICC catheter for chemotherapy. Methods: The data of the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of PICC-related sepsis in 215 cases of breast cancer patients carrying PICC catheter for chemotherapy in our hospital from August, 2009 to September, 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: 216 PICCs had been successfully applied in 215 cases of breast cancer patients and followed for a total of 19,109 catheter days, (median catheterization duration, 88.9 days, range 1-212 days). Among those, 3 (1.39%) PICCs were removed respectively as a result of PICC-related sepsis in 29, 73 and 108 catheter-days (median 70 d), with a rate of 0.16 per 1000 catheter-days. Conclusion: Chemotherapeutic treatment via PICC for breast cancer patients is one of the most secure and effective measures but there exists small number of cases in which PICC catheter related sepsis is possible. Careful observation of relevant symptoms and signs, early diagnosis and treatment, not relying completely on blood culture tests and timely removal of PICC catheter can be very effective in treating PICC-related sepsis in these patients.