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《考试说明》要求考生在做阅读理解题时能作出简单判断和推理:“阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息,即理解作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中,有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索,进行逻辑推理,推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。”2009年高考英语全国一卷阅读理解部分和往年相比难度有所提升,对学生的思辨能力和灵活运用语言的能力有着更高的要求。下面结合其中的三个例子进行说明,给同学们提供一些解题的思路。
例一: (A篇)While I was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mother’s love. Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could, roaring(吼叫) all the time, but to her calf it was music.
58. How did the calf feel about the mother elephant’s roaring?
A. It was a great comfort.
B. It was a sign of danger.
C. It was a call for help.
D. It was a musical note.
解析: 此题答案是A。很多考生根据文中“to her calf it was music.”选择答案D。对于小象来说妈妈的吼叫是不是一个音符呢?这里显然是运用了比喻。在这种危机关头,象妈妈的吼叫无疑会给小象带来极大的安慰。
例二: (C篇)We have met the enemy, and he is ours. We bought him at a pet shop. When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest, suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest, it’s hard not to wonder of the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings.
64. We learn from Paragraph I that the pet sold at the shop may______.
A. come from Columbia
B. prevent us from being infected
C. enjoy being with children
D. suffer from monkey-pox
解析: 此题答案是D。做对此题的关键在于对第一段话前三句话的理解。前两句话中的代词“he”,“him”指的都是“the enemy”, “the enemy”指的正是the disease “monkey-pox” (猴痘),也就是说猴痘这种疾病是我们人类从宠物店买回来的一个敌人。由此我们可以判断在宠物店卖的宠物可能患有猴痘。
例三: (E篇)My wife, Eleanor, and I took the train from Paris to Strasbourg, where we were met by our driver and guide,and the minibus which goes along with the boat. We stopped off in Barn for an hour on the way. Then we were taken to Nancy where the boat was kept.
After the other passengers arrived, we had our first dinner on the boat. After dinner we walked into downtown Nancy, a village with a large square and wooden houses.
72. Where did the author get off the train?
A. Paris. B. Strasbourg. C. Nancy. D. Barn.
解析: 此题答案是B。从第一句话可知,我们从Paris到Strasbourg乘坐的是火车,我们的司机和导游在Strasbourg迎接我们,同时迎接我们的还有与boat并行的minibus。由此可知,作者是在Strasbourg下的火车。接下来我们乘坐minibus到boat的停放地Nancy,第二段话说我们在boat上用的晚餐,餐后我们还参观了downtown Nancy。
通过以上各例子,我们看到,要想做好这类思辨性较强的试题,我们首先得有很好的结构意识,对于长句、难句,我们要首先做句子分析。只有结构清晰,才能意思明白。比如72题,我们得注意两个定语从句以及它们的修饰对象。64题,我们得弄明白“he”,“him”,“the enemy”和“monkey-pox”的关系,等等。58题我们更不能只看字面信息,需要多加思考才行,要根据提供的已知信息进行推理判断。
编辑/梁宇清
例一: (A篇)While I was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mother’s love. Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could, roaring(吼叫) all the time, but to her calf it was music.
58. How did the calf feel about the mother elephant’s roaring?
A. It was a great comfort.
B. It was a sign of danger.
C. It was a call for help.
D. It was a musical note.
解析: 此题答案是A。很多考生根据文中“to her calf it was music.”选择答案D。对于小象来说妈妈的吼叫是不是一个音符呢?这里显然是运用了比喻。在这种危机关头,象妈妈的吼叫无疑会给小象带来极大的安慰。
例二: (C篇)We have met the enemy, and he is ours. We bought him at a pet shop. When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest, suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest, it’s hard not to wonder of the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings.
64. We learn from Paragraph I that the pet sold at the shop may______.
A. come from Columbia
B. prevent us from being infected
C. enjoy being with children
D. suffer from monkey-pox
解析: 此题答案是D。做对此题的关键在于对第一段话前三句话的理解。前两句话中的代词“he”,“him”指的都是“the enemy”, “the enemy”指的正是the disease “monkey-pox” (猴痘),也就是说猴痘这种疾病是我们人类从宠物店买回来的一个敌人。由此我们可以判断在宠物店卖的宠物可能患有猴痘。
例三: (E篇)My wife, Eleanor, and I took the train from Paris to Strasbourg, where we were met by our driver and guide,and the minibus which goes along with the boat. We stopped off in Barn for an hour on the way. Then we were taken to Nancy where the boat was kept.
After the other passengers arrived, we had our first dinner on the boat. After dinner we walked into downtown Nancy, a village with a large square and wooden houses.
72. Where did the author get off the train?
A. Paris. B. Strasbourg. C. Nancy. D. Barn.
解析: 此题答案是B。从第一句话可知,我们从Paris到Strasbourg乘坐的是火车,我们的司机和导游在Strasbourg迎接我们,同时迎接我们的还有与boat并行的minibus。由此可知,作者是在Strasbourg下的火车。接下来我们乘坐minibus到boat的停放地Nancy,第二段话说我们在boat上用的晚餐,餐后我们还参观了downtown Nancy。
通过以上各例子,我们看到,要想做好这类思辨性较强的试题,我们首先得有很好的结构意识,对于长句、难句,我们要首先做句子分析。只有结构清晰,才能意思明白。比如72题,我们得注意两个定语从句以及它们的修饰对象。64题,我们得弄明白“he”,“him”,“the enemy”和“monkey-pox”的关系,等等。58题我们更不能只看字面信息,需要多加思考才行,要根据提供的已知信息进行推理判断。
编辑/梁宇清