在欧洲和北美许多地区,B族链球菌(GBS)和埃希氏大肠杆菌是新生儿菌血症和脑膜炎的最常见病因。早期报告新生儿GBS感染率为千分之1.1～2.9。但这些报告所统计的感染数是低的,仅统计了某一个医院或几个医院就诊的病人数。Siegal等最近报道,GBS感染发病率逐年有很大差异(每千名出生婴儿中占0.6～3.7例),但1978～1979年英国的感染率每千名出生婴儿中仅0.3例。 Streptococcus group B (GBS) and Escherichia coli are the most common causes of neonatal bacteremia and meningitis in many parts of Europe and North America. Early reports of neonatal GBS infection rate of 1.1 to 2.9 per thousand. However, the number of infections counted in these reports is low, accounting only for the number of patients treated in one or several hospitals. Recently, Siegal et al. Reported that the prevalence of GBS infections varies widely from year to year (0.6 to 3.7 cases per 1,000 births), but from 1978 to 1979 the prevalence in the UK was only 0.3 cases per 1,000 births.