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前言我国地域辽阔,红层分布较广。遍布于我国的中—新生代红层大多由陆相碎屑沉积物所组成。陆相沉积岩的特点是岩性和岩相的复杂多样,主要为交互成层的砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩和粘土岩。粘土类岩的岩性软弱,而砂岩、砾岩、粉砂岩的岩性则较坚硬。红层的层组往往由这些软硬相间的岩层所组成,所以其工程地质条件较为复杂,特别是软弱夹层(粘土岩或页岩夹层)及其泥化层对工程建设的影响尤为突出。
Foreword China has a vast territory with a wide distribution of red beds. Most of the Meso-Cenozoic red beds in China are composed of continental clastic sediments. Terrigenous sedimentary rocks are characterized by complex and diverse lithologies and facies, mainly composed of interlaminar conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones and clay rocks. Clay rocks have weak lithologies, while sandstone, conglomerate and siltstone are more rigid. The layers of red beds are often composed of these soft and hard rock formations. Therefore, the engineering geological conditions are complicated, especially the weak intercalations (clayey or shale intercalations) and their mud layers have a particularly prominent impact on the construction.