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目的分析宁夏地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的相关危险因素,为该疾病的防治提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选取2010年4—11月宁夏省4个地级市抽取12个调查点,对40岁以上的常住人口进行调查。所有受调查者统一接受问卷调查及肺功能检测。采用Logistic回归分析对诊断为COPD患者进行危险因素分析。结果实际调查4626人,有效问卷4055份,有效应答率为87.66%。宁夏COPD的患病率为8.9%。单因素分析示,性别、年龄、城乡、民族、文化程度、吸烟与否、被动吸烟、职业接触、居住地灰尘、儿童时期呼吸道疾病史、肺病家族史、体重指数与COPD相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析示,性别(OR0.591,95%CI 0.442~0.791)、年龄(OR 1.467,95%CI 1.313~1.639)、体重指数(OR 0.640,95%CI 0.517~0.791)、吸烟指数(OR 1.431,95%CI 1.293~1.585)、职业接触史(OR 1.428,95%CI 1.114~1.830)、儿童时期呼吸系统疾病史(OR 2.137,95%CI 1.500~3.045)及肺病家族史(OR 4.400,95%CI 3.262~5.934)为COPD主要的危险因素。结论宁夏地区COPD患病密切相关的危险因素为男性、高龄、低体重指数、高吸烟指数、职业接触史、儿童时期呼吸系统疾病史及肺病家族史。
Objective To analyze the related risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Ningxia and provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Methods A multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select 12 investigation points from 4 prefecture-level cities of Ningxia from April to November in 2010 to investigate the resident population over 40 years old. All respondents were uniformly surveyed and lung function tests. Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for patients diagnosed with COPD. Results The actual survey 4626 people, 4055 valid questionnaires, the effective response rate was 87.66%. The prevalence of COPD in Ningxia was 8.9%. Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, urban and rural areas, ethnicity, educational level, smoking or not, passive smoking, occupational exposure, dust of residence, respiratory disease history in childhood, family history of pulmonary disease, body mass index and COPD were statistically different Significance (P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR0.591, 95% CI 0.442-0.791), age (OR 1.467,95% CI 1.313-1.639), body mass index (OR 0.640, 95% CI 0.517-0.791), smoking (OR 1.431, 95% CI 1.293-1.585), history of occupational exposure (OR 1.428, 95% CI 1.114-1.830), history of childhood respiratory diseases (OR 2.137, 95% CI 1.500-3.045) and family history of pulmonary disease OR 4.400, 95% CI 3.262-5.934) were the major risk factors for COPD. Conclusions The risk factors of COPD prevalence in Ningxia are male, advanced age, low body mass index, high smoking index, occupational exposure history, respiratory disease history in childhood and family history of pulmonary disease.