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摘 要 目的:本研究旨在探讨幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)感染对社区2型糖尿病患者血糖、血脂等指标的影响,为更好的控制2型糖尿病患者血糖水平寻找更多思路。方法:纳入104例2型糖尿病门诊患者,其中男性48名,女性56名,年龄为45~82岁,平均年龄为69.95岁。根据Hp感染情况分为Hp阳性和Hp阴性两组。比较两组患者的年龄、性别、体重指数、血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血脂。结果:在2型糖尿病患者中检出Hp阳性者64例,检出率为61.5%。Hp阳性组患者的年龄低于阴性组[(67.5±7.29)岁比(69.95.00±4.05)岁,P<0.05]。阳性组平均HbA1c水平和三酰甘油水平高于阴性组[(7.69±1.40)%比(7.12±1.36)%,P<0.05和(1.64±0.65)mmol/L比(1.36±0.55)mmol/L,P<0.05],陰性组患者的HbA1c达标率高于阳性组(57.5%比32.8%,P<0.05)。结论:Hp感染影响2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制,有可能促进糖尿病的发展。
关键词 幽门螺杆菌感染;2型糖尿病;血糖;糖化血红蛋白;血脂
中图分类号:R58 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2021)18-0053-03
Influence of helicobacter pylori infection on blood glucose and blood lipids of type 2 diabetic patients in the community
WANG Wannmin, YIN Xiangfeng, HU Chengwei, ZOU Fan
(General Practice Department of Changzheng Community Health Service Center of Putuo District, Shanghai 200333, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the influence of helicobacter pylori(HP) infection on blood glucose, blood lipids and other indicators of type 2 diabetic patients in the community to find more ideas for better control of blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: One hundred and four patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study, there were 48 males and 56 females, and the age ranged from 45 to 82 years old, with an average age of 69.95 years old. According to HP infection, they were divided into the HP positive group and HP negative group. The age, gender, body mass index, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) and blood lipid of the two groups were compared. Results: In type 2 diabetes patients, 64 cases of HP positive were detected, and the detection rate was 61.5%. The age of the patients in the HP positive group was lower than that in the negative group[(67.5±7.29) years to (69.95.00±4.05) years, P<0.05]. The average HbA1c and triacylglycerol levels in the positive group were higher than those in the negative group[(7.69±1.40)% to (7.12±1.36)%, P<0.05 and (1.64±0.65) mmol/L to (1.36±0.55) mmol/L, P<0.05], the HbA1c compliance rate in the negative group was higher than that in the positive group(57.5% vs. 32.8%, P<0.05). Conclusion: HP infection affects blood glucose control in type 2 diabetic patients, and may promote the development of diabetes.
KEY WORDS helicobacter pylori infection; type 2 diabetes; plasma glucose; glycosylated hemoglobin; blood lipids
目前幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)的全球感染率超过50%[1],我国普通人群中Hp感染的检出率达56.22%[2]。糖尿病是一组以高血糖水平为特征的代谢性疾病,其中2型糖尿病最常见,约占全部糖尿病的90%。在我国成年中,糖尿病患病率估计约10.9%[3]。近年越来越多的研究发现,Hp感染不仅是明确的人类致癌因子[4-5],还与糖尿病、心血管疾病的发生和发展相关[6]。但目前对于社区合并Hp感染的2型糖尿病患者研究较少,对该类患者的管理还不完善,本研究旨在分析Hp感染的2型糖尿病患者的临床特征、血糖水平,为更好的控制2型糖尿病患者血糖水平寻找更多思路。
1.1 对象
连续收集2019年1月-2020年12月社区卫生服务中心中符合入选标准的2型糖尿病患者共104名,其中男性48名,女性56名,年龄为45~82岁,平均年龄为69.95岁。所有入组患者均行碳14尿素酶呼气试验(14C-urea breath test,14C-UBT)检测Hp感染。排除标准:(1)年龄<35岁;(2)拒绝参与研究的患者或无相关实验结果的患者;(3)在最近3个月内接受过溃疡治疗患者;(4)目前使用质子泵抑制剂或最近4周内服用抗生素的患者;(5)有胃癌或其他恶性肿瘤病史的患者。(6)孕妇和哺乳期妇女。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 生化指标检测
所有入组患者均有近期检查(1月内)的生化指标结果,包括空腹血糖、糖化血紅蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)等。
1.2.2 14 C–UBT检测
所有研究对象均采用14 C-UBT检查Hp感染情况,受检者空腹漱口后服用1粒碳-14(14C)胶囊,静坐20 min后通过专用呼气瓶收集研究对象呼出的气体,然后往瓶子内加入4.5 mL闪烁液,最后经由专业液闪仪检测14C放射性活度并记录。14C放射性活度≥100 dpm/ mmol/L为阳性,<100 dpm/mmol/L为阴性。
1.3 统计学处理
2.1 Hp检出情况
在104例调查对象中,40例2型糖尿病患者Hp感染检测为阴性,64例2型糖尿病患者Hp感染检测为阳性。除Hp阳性组2型糖尿病患者的平均年龄明显低于阴性组外,其余指标两组的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
2.2 两组研究对象血糖、血脂比较
Hp阳性组HbA1c和TG平均值高于阴性组,HbA1c达标率高于阳性组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,表2)。Logistic回归分析显示,调整了年龄、性别、病程等因素后,HbA1c水平仍与Hp相关(OR =2.77,95%CI为1.2~6.26;P=0.014)。
近年来越来越多的研究发现Hp感染与2型糖尿病存在相关性。一项Meta分析指出2型糖尿病患者中Hp的患病率是健康人群的1.33倍[7]。喀麦隆一项横断面研究显示糖尿病患者中Hp感染率为73.11%,非糖尿病患者中为58.05%,差异有统计学意义(OR=1.472,P=0.0279)[8]。本研究中2型糖尿病患者Hp阳性检出率达61.5%,低于上述的研究结果。
本研究结果显示,HbA1c水平与Hp感染存在相关性,在调整了年龄、性别等因素后差异仍有统计学意义(OR=2.77,95%CI为1.2~6.26,P=0.014)。目前有研究认为,Hp感染可能引起身体慢性炎症反应,并通过炎症影响某些调节胰岛素的胃肠激素水平而增加胰岛素抵抗[9]。于俊霞等[10]研究也证实Hp持续感染的2型糖尿病患者C反应蛋白水平明显高于非感染患者。有研究发现,Hp感染导致胃泌素浓度增加和血清生长抑素浓度降低,从而影响胰岛素分泌;同时Hp感染还会损害生长素释放肽的产生,增强瘦素的产生[11]。上述研究结果提示,Hp感染一方面导致慢性全身炎症反应,刺激机体大量炎症因子的表达,影响胰岛素的作用和胰腺β细胞的分泌。另一方面,Hp诱发的胃炎可能会影响胃激素的分泌和胰岛素敏感性及葡萄糖稳态。
除上述结果外,本研究还发现Hp阳性组的平均年龄明显低于阴性组。既往有研究发现Hp的感染率在18~30岁最高(55.7%),随着年龄增长而逐年下降[12]。结合我国社区实际情况,其原因可能为社区中老年随着年龄升高,包括聚餐等社交活动逐渐减少,很大程度减少Hp的感染机会。但考虑本研究为非随机对照实验研究,该结论需进一步研究证实。
参考文献
[1] Gobert AP, Wilson KT. The Immune Hattle against Helicobacter pylori infection: NO Offense[J]. Trends Microbiol, 2016, 24(5): 366-376.
[2] 张万岱, 胡伏莲, 萧树东, 等. 中国自然人群幽门螺杆菌感染流行病学调查[J]. 现代消化及介入诊疗, 2010, 15(5): 265-270
[3] Wang L, Gao P, Zhang M, et al. Prevalence and ethnic pattern of diabetes and pre-diabetes in China in 2013[J]. JAMA, 2017, 317: 2515-2523. [4] de Souza CR, de Oliveira KS, Ferraz JJ, et al. Occurrence of Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus infection in endoscopic and gastric cancer patients from Northern Brazil[J] BMC Gastroen-terol, 2014, 14(1) : 179.
[5] Leja M, Axon A, Brenner H. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection[J]. Helicobacter, 2016, 21(Suppl 1): 3-7.
[6] Hooi JKY, Lai WY, Ng WK, et al. Global Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection: systematic review and metaanalysis[J]. Gastroenterology, 2017, 153(2): 420-429.
[7] Zhou X, Zhang C, Wu J, et al. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and diabetes mellitus: a metaanalysis of observational studies[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2013, 99(2): 200-208.
[8] Kouitcheu Mabeku LB, Noundjeu Ngamga ML, Leundji H. Helicobacter pylori infection, a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a hospital-based cross-sectional study among dyspeptic patients in Douala-Cameroon[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 12141.
[9] Guo X, Zhao BH, Zhang MX. Risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection among adults in northern China[J]. HepatoGastroenterology. 2011, 58(106): 306-310.
[10] 于俊霞, 田寧艳, 李秀丽, 等. 根除幽门螺杆菌治疗对老年2型糖尿病病人血糖控制及炎症指标的影响[J]. 实用老年医学, 2020, 34(12): 1239-1242.
[11] Jeffery PL, McGuckin MA, LindenS K. Endocrine impact of Helicobacter pylori: focus on ghrelin and ghrelinoacyltransferase[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2011, 17: 1249-60.
[12] Negash M, Wondifraw Baynes H, Geremew D. Helicobacter pylori Infection and Its Risk Factors: a prospective crosssectional study in resource-limited settings of northwest Ethiopia[J]. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2018, 2018: 9463710.
关键词 幽门螺杆菌感染;2型糖尿病;血糖;糖化血红蛋白;血脂
中图分类号:R58 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2021)18-0053-03
Influence of helicobacter pylori infection on blood glucose and blood lipids of type 2 diabetic patients in the community
WANG Wannmin, YIN Xiangfeng, HU Chengwei, ZOU Fan
(General Practice Department of Changzheng Community Health Service Center of Putuo District, Shanghai 200333, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the influence of helicobacter pylori(HP) infection on blood glucose, blood lipids and other indicators of type 2 diabetic patients in the community to find more ideas for better control of blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: One hundred and four patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study, there were 48 males and 56 females, and the age ranged from 45 to 82 years old, with an average age of 69.95 years old. According to HP infection, they were divided into the HP positive group and HP negative group. The age, gender, body mass index, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) and blood lipid of the two groups were compared. Results: In type 2 diabetes patients, 64 cases of HP positive were detected, and the detection rate was 61.5%. The age of the patients in the HP positive group was lower than that in the negative group[(67.5±7.29) years to (69.95.00±4.05) years, P<0.05]. The average HbA1c and triacylglycerol levels in the positive group were higher than those in the negative group[(7.69±1.40)% to (7.12±1.36)%, P<0.05 and (1.64±0.65) mmol/L to (1.36±0.55) mmol/L, P<0.05], the HbA1c compliance rate in the negative group was higher than that in the positive group(57.5% vs. 32.8%, P<0.05). Conclusion: HP infection affects blood glucose control in type 2 diabetic patients, and may promote the development of diabetes.
KEY WORDS helicobacter pylori infection; type 2 diabetes; plasma glucose; glycosylated hemoglobin; blood lipids
目前幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)的全球感染率超过50%[1],我国普通人群中Hp感染的检出率达56.22%[2]。糖尿病是一组以高血糖水平为特征的代谢性疾病,其中2型糖尿病最常见,约占全部糖尿病的90%。在我国成年中,糖尿病患病率估计约10.9%[3]。近年越来越多的研究发现,Hp感染不仅是明确的人类致癌因子[4-5],还与糖尿病、心血管疾病的发生和发展相关[6]。但目前对于社区合并Hp感染的2型糖尿病患者研究较少,对该类患者的管理还不完善,本研究旨在分析Hp感染的2型糖尿病患者的临床特征、血糖水平,为更好的控制2型糖尿病患者血糖水平寻找更多思路。
1 对象和方法
1.1 对象
连续收集2019年1月-2020年12月社区卫生服务中心中符合入选标准的2型糖尿病患者共104名,其中男性48名,女性56名,年龄为45~82岁,平均年龄为69.95岁。所有入组患者均行碳14尿素酶呼气试验(14C-urea breath test,14C-UBT)检测Hp感染。排除标准:(1)年龄<35岁;(2)拒绝参与研究的患者或无相关实验结果的患者;(3)在最近3个月内接受过溃疡治疗患者;(4)目前使用质子泵抑制剂或最近4周内服用抗生素的患者;(5)有胃癌或其他恶性肿瘤病史的患者。(6)孕妇和哺乳期妇女。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 生化指标检测
所有入组患者均有近期检查(1月内)的生化指标结果,包括空腹血糖、糖化血紅蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)等。
1.2.2 14 C–UBT检测
所有研究对象均采用14 C-UBT检查Hp感染情况,受检者空腹漱口后服用1粒碳-14(14C)胶囊,静坐20 min后通过专用呼气瓶收集研究对象呼出的气体,然后往瓶子内加入4.5 mL闪烁液,最后经由专业液闪仪检测14C放射性活度并记录。14C放射性活度≥100 dpm/ mmol/L为阳性,<100 dpm/mmol/L为阴性。
1.3 统计学处理
2 结果
2.1 Hp检出情况
在104例调查对象中,40例2型糖尿病患者Hp感染检测为阴性,64例2型糖尿病患者Hp感染检测为阳性。除Hp阳性组2型糖尿病患者的平均年龄明显低于阴性组外,其余指标两组的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
2.2 两组研究对象血糖、血脂比较
Hp阳性组HbA1c和TG平均值高于阴性组,HbA1c达标率高于阳性组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,表2)。Logistic回归分析显示,调整了年龄、性别、病程等因素后,HbA1c水平仍与Hp相关(OR =2.77,95%CI为1.2~6.26;P=0.014)。
3 讨论
近年来越来越多的研究发现Hp感染与2型糖尿病存在相关性。一项Meta分析指出2型糖尿病患者中Hp的患病率是健康人群的1.33倍[7]。喀麦隆一项横断面研究显示糖尿病患者中Hp感染率为73.11%,非糖尿病患者中为58.05%,差异有统计学意义(OR=1.472,P=0.0279)[8]。本研究中2型糖尿病患者Hp阳性检出率达61.5%,低于上述的研究结果。
本研究结果显示,HbA1c水平与Hp感染存在相关性,在调整了年龄、性别等因素后差异仍有统计学意义(OR=2.77,95%CI为1.2~6.26,P=0.014)。目前有研究认为,Hp感染可能引起身体慢性炎症反应,并通过炎症影响某些调节胰岛素的胃肠激素水平而增加胰岛素抵抗[9]。于俊霞等[10]研究也证实Hp持续感染的2型糖尿病患者C反应蛋白水平明显高于非感染患者。有研究发现,Hp感染导致胃泌素浓度增加和血清生长抑素浓度降低,从而影响胰岛素分泌;同时Hp感染还会损害生长素释放肽的产生,增强瘦素的产生[11]。上述研究结果提示,Hp感染一方面导致慢性全身炎症反应,刺激机体大量炎症因子的表达,影响胰岛素的作用和胰腺β细胞的分泌。另一方面,Hp诱发的胃炎可能会影响胃激素的分泌和胰岛素敏感性及葡萄糖稳态。
除上述结果外,本研究还发现Hp阳性组的平均年龄明显低于阴性组。既往有研究发现Hp的感染率在18~30岁最高(55.7%),随着年龄增长而逐年下降[12]。结合我国社区实际情况,其原因可能为社区中老年随着年龄升高,包括聚餐等社交活动逐渐减少,很大程度减少Hp的感染机会。但考虑本研究为非随机对照实验研究,该结论需进一步研究证实。
参考文献
[1] Gobert AP, Wilson KT. The Immune Hattle against Helicobacter pylori infection: NO Offense[J]. Trends Microbiol, 2016, 24(5): 366-376.
[2] 张万岱, 胡伏莲, 萧树东, 等. 中国自然人群幽门螺杆菌感染流行病学调查[J]. 现代消化及介入诊疗, 2010, 15(5): 265-270
[3] Wang L, Gao P, Zhang M, et al. Prevalence and ethnic pattern of diabetes and pre-diabetes in China in 2013[J]. JAMA, 2017, 317: 2515-2523. [4] de Souza CR, de Oliveira KS, Ferraz JJ, et al. Occurrence of Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus infection in endoscopic and gastric cancer patients from Northern Brazil[J] BMC Gastroen-terol, 2014, 14(1) : 179.
[5] Leja M, Axon A, Brenner H. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection[J]. Helicobacter, 2016, 21(Suppl 1): 3-7.
[6] Hooi JKY, Lai WY, Ng WK, et al. Global Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection: systematic review and metaanalysis[J]. Gastroenterology, 2017, 153(2): 420-429.
[7] Zhou X, Zhang C, Wu J, et al. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and diabetes mellitus: a metaanalysis of observational studies[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2013, 99(2): 200-208.
[8] Kouitcheu Mabeku LB, Noundjeu Ngamga ML, Leundji H. Helicobacter pylori infection, a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a hospital-based cross-sectional study among dyspeptic patients in Douala-Cameroon[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 12141.
[9] Guo X, Zhao BH, Zhang MX. Risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection among adults in northern China[J]. HepatoGastroenterology. 2011, 58(106): 306-310.
[10] 于俊霞, 田寧艳, 李秀丽, 等. 根除幽门螺杆菌治疗对老年2型糖尿病病人血糖控制及炎症指标的影响[J]. 实用老年医学, 2020, 34(12): 1239-1242.
[11] Jeffery PL, McGuckin MA, LindenS K. Endocrine impact of Helicobacter pylori: focus on ghrelin and ghrelinoacyltransferase[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2011, 17: 1249-60.
[12] Negash M, Wondifraw Baynes H, Geremew D. Helicobacter pylori Infection and Its Risk Factors: a prospective crosssectional study in resource-limited settings of northwest Ethiopia[J]. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2018, 2018: 9463710.