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本文主要采用连续提取法对德兴铜矿地区低品位矿石堆浸场和大坞河流域的土壤样品进行元素形态分析。低品位矿石堆浸场中As、Cu元素含量最高分别达到95.7μg/g和1867μg/g,都严重超过国家三级土壤标准,但是通过元素形态分析得到,As元素主要以硫化物态存在(百分比为50%-80%),Cu元素主要以有机结合态存在(百分比为50%-60%),能稳定存在于矿石中。其他元素如Cd、Mo、Pb、Zn都以有机物结合态为主,Cr元素以硅酸盐态为主,Hg元素以硫化物态占主要,重金属迁移性差,对环境的影响不大。大坞河流域上中下游元素形态组成变化不明显。Cu元素含量(平均为400-500μg/g)超过国家三级土壤标准,但是Cu元素主要是以有机结合态存在(比例为35%),稳定性相对较好。而Cd元素虽然在样品中含量在国家三级土壤标准之下,其水溶态、吸附态和碳酸盐态所占的比例较大(30%左右),容易发生迁移转化,对环境的影响较大。Pb元素以有机结合态为主,百分比达到45%;As、Hg元素以硫化物态占主导,百分比大于50%,对环境有潜在的影响。其他元素如Cr、Mo、Zn的硅酸盐态比例最大(50%左右),能比较稳定的存在于土壤中,对环境的影响较小。
In this paper, the continuous extraction method was used to analyze the elemental speciation of soil samples from the low-grade ore heap paddy field in the Dexing copper mine and the Dawu river basin. The contents of As and Cu in the heap of low-grade ores reached 95.7 μg / g and 1867 μg / g, respectively, which all exceeded the national third-grade soil standards. However, elemental analysis showed that As elements mainly existed in sulfide state 50% -80%), Cu is mainly present in the organic bound state (50% -60%) and can be stably present in the ore. Other elements such as Cd, Mo, Pb and Zn are mainly organic matter, while Cr element is mainly silicate, while Hg element is mainly sulfide, and heavy metal has poor mobility, which has little effect on the environment. The morphological composition of the upper and lower reaches of the Huangwu River basin did not change obviously. Cu content (average 400-500μg / g) is higher than the national third-grade soil standard, but the Cu element exists mainly in the organic combination (35%) with relatively good stability. Although the content of Cd in the samples is below the national third-level soil standard, the proportion of water-soluble, adsorbed and carbonate states is relatively large (about 30%), which is prone to migration and transformation and has a greater impact on the environment Big. Pb is dominated by organically bound species, with a percentage of 45%. As and Hg elements dominate the sulphide state with a percentage greater than 50%, potentially affecting the environment. Other elements such as Cr, Mo, Zn, the largest proportion of silicate state (about 50%), can be relatively stable in the soil, the impact on the environment smaller.