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目的研究木材装饰贴面作业女工的腰背痛及其原因。方法对某地木材装饰贴面加工作业中3种主要工种的女工进行问卷调查、腰部检查和弯腰状态分析。结果选板、修补和贴面3个工种女工疲劳主诉率分别为68.8%、66.7%和59.0%,最易疲劳部位是腰背。选板和修补工的腰背痛发生率明显高于贴面工,分别是53.8%、58.7%和30.1%;棘间和腰大肌压痛与腰背痛结果一致。姿势分析结果表明,选板和修补工最大弯腰幅度(80°)大于贴面工(60°),且日弯腰次数[分别为(4396±817)、(1696±286)次]和日弯腰时间[分别为(6.5±0.6)、(6.2±1.3)h]也明显高于贴面工[分别为(1094±476)次、(4.5±0.9)h],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论装饰贴面女工因现有作业方式而普遍存在弯腰姿势,尤以选板和修补工种突出,可能是其腰背痛高发的主要原因。
Objective To study the low back pain and its causes of women workers in decorative wood veneer. Methods A questionnaire survey, waist examination and bending status analysis were conducted on three main types of workers in a wood veneer processing operation. Results The prevalence rates of fatigue among the three types of workmen in the three boards of selection, repair and veneer were 68.8%, 66.7% and 59.0%, respectively. The most vulnerable part was lumbar back. The prevalence of low back pain in palette and repair workers was significantly higher than that of veneer workers, which were 53.8%, 58.7% and 30.1% respectively; the intervertebral and psoas muscle tenderness was consistent with those of back pain. Posture analysis showed that the maximum bending radius (80 °) of the palette and repair workers was greater than that of the veneer workers (60 °), and the number of Japanese bent over bends (4396 ± 817 and 1696 ± 286 respectively) and day The bending time (6.5 ± 0.6, 6.2 ± 1.3 h) was also significantly higher than that of the veneer (1094 ± 476 and 4.5 ± 0.9 h, respectively), with significant differences (P <0.05). Conclusion The decorative veneer workers generally bend over due to the existing operating modes, especially the prominent boards and repair workers, which may be the main reason for the high back pain.