行为治疗在医疗实践中起着突出作用,并且是行为医学的核心内容。那么,行为治疗的理论基础是什么?它又有哪些方法呢? 首先谈谈什么是行为?行为是人们对其所处环境的反应,或是人们在其所处环境中做什么。一般来说,人有两种行为:(1)反应行为,或称不随意反应或自主反应。例如,见到食物流唾液、听到巨声而惊恐,运动后出汗等。另外,对躯体疾病产生的恐惧和焦虑的情绪反应也能在某种紧张情况下以同样的自主反应形式产生。(2)操作行为,或称有目的反应。这种行为包括一个人在日常生活中产生的各种行为,如走路、讲话、服药、抓搔、哭泣等。这些行为与个人所处 Behavioral therapy plays a prominent role in medical practice and is central to behavioral medicine. So what is the rationale for behavioral therapy and what are the other ways? First of all, to talk about what is behavior? Behavior is the response of people to their environment or what people do in their environment. In general, people have two kinds of behavior: (1) reactionary behavior, or non-response or voluntary reaction. For example, see the food stream saliva, hear the sound of panic, sweating after exercise. In addition, emotional reactions to the fear and anxiety caused by somatic diseases can also occur in the same form of autonomic reaction under some stressful conditions. (2) Operational behavior, or purposeful response. Such behavior includes a variety of behaviors that one produces in daily life, such as walking, speaking, taking medicine, scratching, crying and so on. These activities and individuals