一道德哲学的面貌在20世纪的后半程发生了非常重大的变化,本书之作,就在于试图为其中的某些重大变化而呈现出一幅尽可能详尽的图谱。在这些变化发生之前,实践伦理学或者规范伦理学的讨论一直是围绕着两个传统而展开的。这两个传统就是康德主义(或者称之为“道义论”)和功用主义(或者称之为“后果主义”),前者植根于18世纪德国哲学家伊曼努尔·康德(Immanuel Kant)的著作之中,而后者则在18世纪英国先驱哲学家杰里米·边沁(Jeremy Bentham)、约翰·斯图加特· The face of moral philosophy changed dramatically in the second half of the twentieth century, and the book was written in an attempt to present a most detailed picture of some of these major changes. Before these changes take place, the discussion of practical ethics or normative ethics has been centered around two traditions. These two traditions are Kantism (or “moral theory”) and utilitarianism (or “consequences theory”), the former rooted in the eighteenth-century German philosopher Immanuel Kant (Immanuel Kant) works, while the latter in the 18th century British pioneer philosophers Jeremy Bentham, John Stuttgart