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本研究目的是利用属间杂交,把控制大麦早熟性的染色体或染色体片断导入到栽培小麦,为选育超早熟小麦品种创造条件.通过试验明确,以大麦做母本,小麦做父本,较易获得杂种种子.授粉后10～14天,取胚乳退化的杂种种子,采用幼胚离体培养,得到二棱大麦Betzes×中国春小麦的属间杂种F_1,根尖染色体数为28条,幼苗形态上象父本小麦,剑叶叶片酯同功酶谱除具双亲谱带外,还出现了双亲所没有的一个谱带.F_1穗部具短芒,小花的雄蕊部分或全部雌蕊化,花粉完全败育,自交不能结实.用中国春小麦与之回交后,已获回交一代(BC_1)种子.对大麦做母本易获杂种种子,从受精的遗传细胞学方面作了阐述.并提出利用组织培养的诱导手段,可望产生有较大变异幅度的再生植株,将可为大小麦属间杂种的性状转移开拓更为广阔的途径.
The purpose of this study was to introduce intergeneric hybridization to chromosomes or chromosomes that control barley prematurity in cultivated wheat and to create conditions for the selection of extra-precocious wheat cultivars.Through the experiment, using barley as the female parent and wheat as the male parent Easy access to hybrid seeds 10 to 14 days after pollination, take the endosperm degenerated hybrid seeds, embryos were cultured in vitro to get two rows of barley Betzes × Chinese spring wheat inter genus hybrid F_1, root tip chromosome number of 28, seedling morphology On the same as the male parent wheat, the flag leaf isozyme zymogram in addition to the parental band, but also appeared in the parents did not have a band .F_1 spike with short, floret part or all of the stamens, pollen completely Abortion, selfing can not be strong.With the backcrossing of Chinese spring wheat, it has been backcrossed generation (BC_1) seed.For barley as a mother to obtain hybrid seeds, elaborated from the genetic aspects of fertilization cytology. The use of tissue culture induction means, is expected to have a greater variation of the regenerated plants, will be for the size of wheat interspecific hybrids to broaden the broader pathways.