目的:分析肺癌患者血清中可溶性分子B7-H4的水平变化并探讨其临床意义。方法:确诊为肺癌的患者37例,用ELISA夹心法检测患者治疗前后血清中的B7-H4水平变化,用微粒子化学发光法测定患者治疗前后肿瘤抗原125(CA125)水平的变化,分析比较B7-H4与CA125水平变化与患者病理类型及其诊断的相关性;选取30例健康人群血清作为对照。结果:与健康组相比:治疗前患者血清中B7-H4水平(1.53±0.22)μg/L明显高于治疗后的水平(0.96±0.17)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时也发现腺癌患者血清B7-H4水平(2.05±0.33)μg/L远高于小细胞癌、大细胞癌和鳞癌患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B7-H4分子的敏感度为62.2%低于CA125分子的75.7%,而二者联合使用时的敏感度可达91.9%。肺癌患者血清B7-H4水平与CA125水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:肺癌患者血清中B7-H4水平变化与病理类型密切相关,在腺癌的诊断上B7-H4分子可作为一个重要的参考指标,而在鳞癌的诊断上不建议采用该分子作为一个诊断指标。 Objective: To analyze the changes of serum B7-H4 level in patients with lung cancer and to explore its clinical significance. Methods: Thirty-seven patients diagnosed as lung cancer were recruited. The changes of serum B7-H4 level before and after treatment were detected by ELISA sandwich method. The levels of tumor antigen 125 (CA125) before and after treatment were measured by the method of microparticle chemiluminescence. H4 and CA125 levels and pathological types of patients and their correlation diagnosis; selected 30 cases of healthy people serum as a control. Results: Compared with the healthy group, the level of B7-H4 in serum before treatment was significantly higher (1.53 ± 0.22) μg / L than that before treatment (0.96 ± 0.17) μg / L, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05 ). The level of B7-H4 in serum of patients with adenocarcinoma (2.05 ± 0.33) μg / L was significantly higher than that of small cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (P <0.05). The sensitivity of the B7-H4 molecule was 62.2% lower than that of the CA125 molecule, and the sensitivity of the B7-H4 molecule was 91.9%. The level of serum B7-H4 in patients with lung cancer was positively correlated with the level of CA125 (P <0.05). Conclusions: The change of B7-H4 level in serum of patients with lung cancer is closely related to the pathological type. B7-H4 molecule may be an important reference in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, but it is not recommended to diagnose squamous cell carcinoma as a diagnosis index.