在全国养老保险改革取得初步成效的同时,我们也应 看到,由于制度不统一与管理高度分散化,带来了一系列的社会负效应。首先,个人帐户因大小不一而成为转移时的一个难点,影响全国统一劳动力市场的形成与完善;其次,部分地区基本养老保险水平居高不下,养老金替代率偏高,造成国家和企业的沉重负担;其三,各地统筹层次参差不齐,以市、县为单位的社会统筹,分散风险的能力低,相互调剂能力差,难以保障部分离退休人员的生活,即使是已实行省级统筹的省、市,也因制度与技术的缺陷与不足,未能达到理想的统筹效果;其四,各地养老保险统筹覆盖面不一,有的包括不同所有制企业,甚至将行政事业单位也纳入统筹范围,而有的仅限于国有企业。 While the national pension insurance reform has achieved initial success, we should also see that due to the unification of systems and the highly decentralized management, a series of social negative effects have been brought about. First, individual accounts have become a difficult part of their transfer due to their size, affecting the formation and improvement of a unified labor market in the country. Second, the basic pension insurance in some areas remains at a high level and the pension replacement rate is high, Heavy burden; Third, the uneven pooling of all levels around the city and county as a unit of social pooling, the ability to spread the risk is low, the swap capacity is poor, it is difficult to protect the lives of some retired people, even if the provincial level has been implemented Of the provinces and municipalities also failed to achieve the desired overall effect due to the system and technical flaws and shortcomings. Fourthly, the overall coverage of pension insurance across the country varied from one country to another and some included enterprises with different ownership systems and even administrative units , While others are limited to state-owned enterprises.