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人文主义在西方历史的发展中基本可以划分为两种类型:一种是伦理型人文主义,此种人文主义注重强调人通过自身修养的方式促成个体与社会的和谐;第二种人文主义即自然型人文主义,此种人文主义注重人与自然的和谐关系,并以此与人类中心主义、科学理性主义划清界限。这两种人文主义类型在中国历史现代转型的复杂历史语境当中,无论是在文化层面还是在文学层面都呈现出十分丰富的历史样态。
Humanism in the development of the history of the West can be basically divided into two types: one is ethical humanism, which emphasizes that human beings through their own self-cultivation to promote individual and social harmony; the second kind of human nature that is natural Humanism, which emphasizes the harmonious relationship between man and nature, draws boundaries with anthropocentrism and scientific rationality. In the complex historical context of the historical transformation of China’s history, these two types of humanism have shown very rich historical patterns both in the cultural level and in the literary level.