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一个多世纪以来,特别是第二次世界大战以来,旅游业越来越显示出其强大的生命力,目前已成为发展速度最快的一个行业。人们已清楚地认识到,发展旅游业具有如下连锁效应:①前瞻连锁效应,即旅游业的发展对基础结构、新兴产业的诱导作用;②回顾连锁效应,即旅游业的发展对那些向自己直接提供商品和劳务部门的促进作用;③旁侧效应,即旅游业的发展对区域性经济发展的影响;④示范效应,即旅游业的发展对旅游区人民乃至全体人民的消费习惯、生活方式的影响。正因为如此,不少国家和地区称旅游业为投资少、见效快、成本低、利润大、创汇多的新兴经济部门,认为旅游业是“无烟工业”、“风景出口”、“无形贸易力,因而把发展旅游业作为振兴民族经济的突破口而摆在国民经济的第三位、第二位乃至第一位。总结和比较国际旅游业的不同发展模式,研究和预测国际旅游业发展的新特点和新趋势,对于进一步发展我国的旅游事业,为四化建设筹集资金、赚取外汇、积累管理经验、改革管理体制,无疑都有着重大的理论意义和现实意义。一、国际旅游发展模式之比较
For more than a century, especially since the Second World War, tourism has shown its vitality more and more and has now become one of the fastest-growing industries. People have clearly realized that the development of tourism has the following chain effects: ① Prospective chain effect, that is, the development of tourism on the infrastructure, the induction of new industries; ② Review of the chain effect, that is, the development of tourism for those who directly to themselves Provide side effects of goods and labor services; ③ side effects, that is, the impact of the development of tourism on regional economic development; and ④ demonstration effect, that is, the development of tourism on the consumption habits and lifestyles of the people in the tourist area as well as all the people influences. Because of this, many countries and regions call the tourism industry an emerging economic sector with less investment, quick returns, lower costs, greater profits and more foreign exchange earnings. They think the tourism industry is a “smokeless industry”, a “scenic export”, an "invisible trade Therefore, the development of tourism as a breakthrough to revitalize the national economy and put the national economy in the third, second or even the first.To summarize and compare the different modes of development of international tourism, research and forecast the development of international tourism New features and new trends will undoubtedly have great theoretical and practical significance for further developing China’s tourism industry, raising funds for the four modernizations, earning foreign exchange, accumulating management experience and reforming the management system. First, the pattern of international tourism development Comparison