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个体初职职业地位获得的时代差异反映了中国社会的变迁机制。基于2009年“职业经历与社会网络”调查数据,运用多分类逻辑回归模型分析了在不同历史时期个体初职职业地位获得的变化。在改革后,教育对个体初职职业地位获得有着重要的影响,但随着改革的推进,教育对个体初职职业地位获得的影响效应在下降。改革过程中,家庭背景因素对子代的初职职业地位获得有着持续性的影响。政治身份仍是决定个体能否成为管理人员的一个重要标准,而它对个体能否成为专业技术人员与普通劳动者则没有显著区别。
The differences of the times obtained by the individual’s occupational status in early employment reflect the changing mechanism of Chinese society. Based on the survey data of “Professional Experience and Social Network” in 2009, this paper analyzes the changes of individual occupational position acquired in different historical periods by using the multi-class logistic regression model. After the reform, education has an important influence on obtaining the occupational status of primary vocational education. However, as the reform progresses, the effect of education on the occupational status of primary vocational education is declining. In the process of reform, the family background has a lasting impact on the access of the offspring to primary occupation. Political identity remains an important criterion for determining whether an individual can become a manager, and it does not make any significant difference as to whether an individual can become a professional technician or an average worker.