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近五年全国卷均涉及人称代词、物主代词和反身代词,现按题型对有关考点作一归纳。
语法填空中,如果答案为人称代词主格或与主格同形的宾格(有且仅有两个:you和it),不给提示词;如果答案为物主代词、反身代词或代词宾格(不含you和it),则会给出代词主格作为提示词。并且,有提示词時,不会涉及数量和性别的变化,即不会出现改I为we/us、改she为he/him之类的考法。
1. 无提示词
(2017年全国Ⅱ卷)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ______ every day.
解析:这里提到当时每天有超过25,000人使用这条铁路。此处填写it,回指前文中出现的名词the railway。
(2018年全国Ⅰ卷)Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ______ a try.
解析:因give it a try为固定表达方式或it替代running。
2. 有提示词
(2014年全国Ⅱ卷)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh, dear!It’s ______(I)”.
解析:前面提到司机询问是否有人弄丢了手提箱,空格所在句是对此的回答。如果把It的指代对象看成那个遗失的箱子(The suitcase),此处需填名词性物主代词mine(= my suitcase);如果把It视为丢失手提箱的那个人(The person who lost the suitcase),此处则填人称代词宾格me。
(2018年全国Ⅲ卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _______(they)alive.
解析:根据句子结构可知,空格所填词是动词find的宾语。鉴于find的逻辑主语I与find的宾语(the gorillas)并非同一概念,所以排除反身代词themselves。因此,只能填宾格形式的them。
(2015年全国Ⅰ卷)A few hours before, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with _____(it)choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
解析:提示词it的指代对象为Hong Kong,根据空格后的名词短语choking smog可知,此处应填限定词,故用形容词性物主代词its。
类似考题还有:
(2016年全国Ⅰ卷)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by
一、代词在语法填空中的考查
语法填空中,如果答案为人称代词主格或与主格同形的宾格(有且仅有两个:you和it),不给提示词;如果答案为物主代词、反身代词或代词宾格(不含you和it),则会给出代词主格作为提示词。并且,有提示词時,不会涉及数量和性别的变化,即不会出现改I为we/us、改she为he/him之类的考法。
1. 无提示词
(2017年全国Ⅱ卷)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ______ every day.
解析:这里提到当时每天有超过25,000人使用这条铁路。此处填写it,回指前文中出现的名词the railway。
(2018年全国Ⅰ卷)Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ______ a try.
解析:因give it a try为固定表达方式或it替代running。
2. 有提示词
(2014年全国Ⅱ卷)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh, dear!It’s ______(I)”.
解析:前面提到司机询问是否有人弄丢了手提箱,空格所在句是对此的回答。如果把It的指代对象看成那个遗失的箱子(The suitcase),此处需填名词性物主代词mine(= my suitcase);如果把It视为丢失手提箱的那个人(The person who lost the suitcase),此处则填人称代词宾格me。
(2018年全国Ⅲ卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _______(they)alive.
解析:根据句子结构可知,空格所填词是动词find的宾语。鉴于find的逻辑主语I与find的宾语(the gorillas)并非同一概念,所以排除反身代词themselves。因此,只能填宾格形式的them。
(2015年全国Ⅰ卷)A few hours before, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with _____(it)choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
解析:提示词it的指代对象为Hong Kong,根据空格后的名词短语choking smog可知,此处应填限定词,故用形容词性物主代词its。
类似考题还有:
(2016年全国Ⅰ卷)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by