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最密切联系原则是晚近国际私法中发展起来的一种新的法律适用原则。它改变了传统冲突法连结因素的单一性,使与案件有关的各种因素都得以考虑,从而加强了案件处理的公正性、合理性和科学性。但同时又要求赋予法官自由裁量权,这就不可避免地使案件的处理结果受法官主观意志的影响而可能导致判决结果上的不公。特征履行说在一定程度上弥补了最密切联系原则这一缺陷,但再完美的制度设计不可避免地会介入人的因素而使其主观化,因此,法官素质水平高低又对最密切联系原则适用效果起着不同程度的作用。本文将围绕上述问题逐一展开论述。
The principle of the closest relationship is a new law applicable in recent private international law. It changed the unity of the traditional conflict-of-law linking factors and considered various factors related to the case, thus strengthening the fairness, rationality and scientificity of handling cases. At the same time, however, it is required to give the judges discretionary power, which inevitably causes the result of the case to be influenced by the judge’s subjective will which may lead to unfairness in the judgment. To a certain extent, feature fulfillment compensates for the shortcoming of the principle of the closest relationship, but then perfect system design inevitably intervenes with human factors to make it subjective. Therefore, the quality of judges and the principle of the most relevant relationship apply The effect plays a different degree of effect. This article will focus on the above issues one by one to elaborate.