根据美国项目管理协会出版的《项目管理知识体系向导》,项目管理过程包括项目的发起、计划、实施、控制和结束;项目管理有九个知识范围:项目综合管理、项目范围管理、项目时间管理、项目成本管理、项目质量管理、项目人力资源管理、项目沟通管理、项目风险管理和项目采购管理。现代项目管理起源于20世纪50年代末60年代初,那时,项目的规模、范围、持续时间和新项目所需要的资源已经不是一张图纸和一次会议就能解决的。“项目管理”首先在机械和建筑业出现,20世纪60年代在阿波罗登月计划中取得了巨大成功。 According to the “Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge” published by the American Project Management Association, the project management process includes the initiation, planning, implementation, control and termination of the project; project management has nine knowledge areas: integrated project management, project scope management, project time management , Project Cost Management, Project Quality Management, Project Human Resource Management, Project Communication Management, Project Risk Management and Project Procurement Management. Modern project management originated in the late 1950s and early 1960s, when the size, scope, duration, and resources needed for a new project were not solved by one drawing and one meeting. Project Management first appeared in the machinery and construction industries and was a huge success in the Apollo missions to the moon in the 1960s.