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本文采用实验测定和计算机模拟的方法,研究了黑白胶片的宏观噪声与微观噪声的性质及其相互关系。实验结果表明,黑白胶片的宏观噪声通常大于微观噪声,这是由于宏观噪声包括了胶片的宏观不均匀性的影响,而微观噪声则反映了由乳剂性质所决定的密度的统计涨落。因此,宏观噪声(相当于均方根粒度)适于用做感光材料的评价,而如果要研究卤化银乳剂的性质对影像质量的影响则微观噪声更有意义。在大面积范围内的多次测定结果表明,宏观噪声波动幅度较大,而微观噪声则重复性较好。实验结果表明,标准相关系数(r)在一定程度上可以作为感光材料宏观不均匀性的量度。
In this paper, the properties of macroscopic and microscopic noise of black-and-white film and the relationship between them are studied by means of experiment and computer simulation. The experimental results show that the macro noise of black and white film is usually larger than the micro noise, which is due to the macro noise including the macro non-uniformity of the film, while the micro noise reflects the statistical fluctuation of the density determined by the nature of the emulsion. Therefore, macroscopic noise (equivalent to root-mean-square particle size) is suitable for evaluation as a photosensitive material, whereas microscopic noise makes more sense if one studies the effect of the properties of silver halide emulsions on image quality. The results of multiple measurements over a large area show that the macro noise fluctuates greatly while the microscopic noise is more reproducible. The experimental results show that the standard correlation coefficient (r) can be used as a measure of macroscopic inhomogeneity of photosensitive material to a certain extent.