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在革命制度党一党独大时期,墨西哥有联邦制之名,而无联邦制之实。在革命制度党执政后期,联邦制这项宪政制度逐渐复苏。2000年大选,革命制度党失利,国家行动党执政,墨西哥的政党制度变为多党竞争制,联邦制获得了重生。2012年大选,革命制度党东山再起,联邦制与政党制度产生了良性互动。墨西哥的经验表明,政党制度的集权程度是联邦制是否能够持续存在的重要条件。这部分印证了赖克的“政党制度决定论”。但墨西哥的一党独大制却成为一支重要的集权力量,使联邦制名存实亡。总之,在墨西哥这样的宪政转型国家里,联邦制与政党制度之间的互动关系较为复杂,总体向着积极的方向发展。
In the one-party period of the Revolutionary Institutional Independence, Mexico had the name of federalism and no federalism. In the latter part of the revolution, the federal constitutional government gradually recovered. In the 2000 general election, the Revolutionary Institutional Party lost its power, the National Action Party took power, the political party system in Mexico became a multi-party competition system, and the federal system was reborn. In the 2012 general election, the revolutionary party reemerged and the federal and political party systems had a positive interaction. Mexico’s experience shows that the degree of centralization of the party system is an important condition for whether or not the federal system can survive. This part confirms Rieke’s “determinism of party system.” However, the one-party monopoly in Mexico has become an important centralization power that keeps the federalism in name only. In short, in a constitutional transitional state such as Mexico, the interaction between the federalism and the party system is rather complicated and generally moves in a positive direction.