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目的：探讨肌纤维母细胞（ＭＦＢ）在肾间质纤维化形成中的作用。方法：制作大鼠单侧尿路梗阻模型，观察α—平滑肌肌动蛋白（α—ＳＭＡ）阳性细胞在肾间质病变中形成和发展的过程。结果：在单侧输尿管梗阻后４８ｈ肾间质区域即出现α—ＳＭＡ表达，ｄ３后阳性细胞数明显增加，ｄ７达高峰。结论：α—ＳＭＡ在肾间质纤维化时表达明显增加，应用α—ＳＭＡ染色能较好的标记ＭＦＢ，通过在原位肾间质观察α—ＳＭＡ的表达情况，是临床提供肾间质纤维化进展的可靠指标。
Objective: To investigate the role of myofibroblasts (MFB) in the formation of renal interstitial fibrosis. Methods: A rat model of unilateral urinary tract obstruction was established to observe the formation and development of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive cells in renal interstitial lesions. Results: The expression of α-SMA appeared in the area of renal interstitium 48 h after unilateral ureteral obstruction, the number of positive cells increased significantly after d3, and d7 reached its peak. Conclusion: The expression of α-SMA in renal interstitial fibrosis significantly increased, the use of α-SMA staining can better mark the MFB, by observing the expression of α-SMA in situ renal interstitium is to provide renal interstitial fibrosis A reliable indicator of progress.