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上海动力机厂广大职工,在批林批孔运动中,路线斗争觉悟进一步提高,他们遵照伟大领袖毛主席关于“中国人民有志气,有能力,一定要在不远的将来,赶上和超过世界先进水平。”的教导,联系实际,因地制宜,在1973年制造成功了加工485柴油机气缸盖自动线。在这条线中用于工件转位的裝置中,没有采用通常的回转台和回转鼓轮等装置,而设计了两只专用机械手,用于变换工件的加工面。此机械手投入生产半年来,工作基本正常。生产实践证明,这种类型的机械手具有缩短自动线的长度、缩小占地面积,减少投资等优点。由于气缸盖六个面都需加工,在卧式双头动力机床上,每次只能加工两个面,六个面就要分成三段进行。每段之间工件的翻转,传统上依靠回转台和回转鼓轮来实现,但这种装置有几个明显的缺点: (1) 机床间距大。一般情况,机床间距为1.5米左右,而装有转向装置及输送机后,两台工作机床之间的距离就增大到3～3.5米左右,这样全线长度就要增加。(2) 投资大。全线需三台输送机两台转向装置。结构复杂,体积大,其投资也相应大。(3) 联线复杂。由于转位装置在工作时,前后段输送带都不能相联系(中断),因此输送带及电气控制的设计工作量也增加,出现故障的机会也相应增加。鉴于上述原因,而考虑到能否用一台输送机,用一根钢性输送带来输送三个工段上的所有工件,其关键在于转位。如果设想在转位处用一个人翻转工件,问题就可解决了。但在一条效率较高的生产线上,由人工来翻转工件,显然是不合理的。后来又想到如能用机械手代替人工的动作,那问题就可解决。最后在厂领导支持下,学习了兄弟厂制造成功机械手的经验,于是根据工件结构及翻转的具体要求,设计了两只机械手,并用了不到三个月时间,就将这种结构简单,动作可靠的机械手造了出来,并投入生产。下面分别介绍该自动线上的两只机械手。
In the campaign to criticize Lin and Pidai, the workers and staff of Shanghai Power Machinery Factory further escalated their awareness of the line struggles. They followed Chairman Mao’s great leader, “With determination and capability, the Chinese people must catch up with and surpass the advanced world in the near future. Level. ”The teaching, contact with the actual situation, in 1973 made a successful processing of 485 diesel engine cylinder head automatic line. In this line for workpiece indexing device, instead of using the usual rotary table and rotary drum and other devices, and designed two dedicated robots, used to transform the workpiece surface. This robot into production six months ago, the basic normal work. Production practice has proved that this type of manipulator has the advantage of shortening the length of the automatic line, reducing the footprint, reducing investment. As the cylinder head six sides are required to be processed, in the horizontal double head machine, each can only process two faces, six faces will be divided into three sections. The turning of workpieces between sections has traditionally been achieved with turntables and slewing drums, but there are several obvious disadvantages with this device: (1) large machine tool spacing. In general, the machine spacing of about 1.5 meters, and equipped with steering gear and conveyor, the distance between the two work machines will be increased to 3 to 3.5 meters, so that the entire length will have to increase. (2) big investment. The whole line needs three conveyors two steering devices. Complex structure, large size, its investment is also large. (3) line of complex. As the indexing device is working, the front and rear conveyor belts can not be linked (interrupted), so the design workload of the conveyor belt and the electric control also increases, and the chances of failure also increase correspondingly. In view of the above reasons, considering the possibility of using a single conveyor to transport all the workpieces of the three work sections with a steel belt, the key is to index. The problem can be solved if you imagine turning the work piece over at a single person. However, in a more efficient production line, it is obviously unreasonable to flip the workpieces manually. Then came the thought that robotic manipulations could be used instead of artificial ones to solve the problem. Finally, with the support of the factory leadership, I learned the experience of Brother factory in manufacturing successful robots. According to the specific requirements of the workpiece structure and turnover, two robots were designed and used in less than three months, this structure is simple and action Reliable robot made out and put into production. The following are introduced on the automatic line of two robots.