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棉蚜是世界性分布的棉花害虫,仲夏棉蚜种群崩溃是生态控制棉蚜危害的重要途径,为棉蚜预测和防治提供了新思路与切入点,但其崩溃机制尚未明确。导致棉蚜种群崩溃的可能因素主要包括:(1)植物次生代谢物影响棉蚜的发育和繁殖,但不足以导致棉蚜种群崩溃;(2)暴风雨对棉蚜种群有一定的影响,但无法解释连续多年和多个地点发生的种群崩溃现象;(3)高温显著降低棉蚜的存活和繁殖,且与仲夏棉蚜种群崩溃期相吻合,高温很可能是棉蚜种群崩溃的关键影响因子;(4)高密度条件下激烈的种内竞争导致棉蚜繁殖率降低,有翅蚜比例增加;(5)天敌除具有直接捕食或寄生作用外,同时间接影响若蚜生长发育和刺激有翅蚜形成,对棉蚜种群后期崩溃发挥重要作用。本文对可能导致仲夏棉蚜种群崩溃的主要因素分别进行论述,探讨其对棉蚜存活、繁殖和有翅蚜形成的影响,旨在为探明仲夏棉蚜种群崩溃机制提供参考。
Aphis gossypii is a cotton pest distributed worldwide. The population collapse of cotton aphids is an important approach to ecological control of cotton aphid. It provides a new idea and entry point for the prediction and control of cotton aphid. However, its mechanism of collapse is not yet clear. The possible causes for the collapse of Aphis gossypii include: (1) the secondary metabolites of plants affect the development and reproduction of cotton aphids, but not enough to cause the collapse of cotton aphids; (2) the storm has a certain impact on the populations of cotton aphids, (3) High temperature significantly reduced the survival and reproduction of Aphis gossypii, and coincided with the population collapse of Aphis gossypii in mid-summer. The high temperature may be the key factor affecting the population collapse of Aphis gossypii ; (4) Intense intraspecific competition at high density led to reduced reproductive rate of cotton aphid and increased proportion of winged aphids; (5) In addition to direct predation or parasitism, the natural enemies indirectly affected the growth and development of the aphid and stimulated winged The formation of aphids plays an important role in the late collapse of the cotton aphid population. In this paper, the main factors which may lead to the collapse of cotton aphid populations in midsummer are discussed respectively, and the effects on cotton aphid survival, reproduction and the formation of winged aphids are discussed in order to provide references for the identification of cotton aphid population collapse mechanism.