目的：研究低氧对雄性大鼠性腺的影响。方法：低压舱模拟海拔５ｋｍ和７ｋｍ高度，分别选择２４ｈ、７ｄ、２０ｄ为不同低氧暴露试验时间。结果：５ｋｍ组和７ｋｍ组低氧暴露２４ｈ后，雄性大鼠血浆睾丸酮（Ｔ）水平即有增高。低氧暴露７ｄ时，血浆Ｔ增至最高水平，尤以７ｋｍ组增高明显。连续２０ｄ低氧暴露发现，雄性大鼠血浆Ｔ水平却明显降低。此外，７ｄ、２０ｄ低氧暴露后，睾丸与其体重比明显增加。研究还发现长时间低氧暴露，可导致大鼠曲细精管间隙增大，管腔内各类细胞无序排列等形态学变化。急性及亚急性低氧暴露尚未发现睾丸组织形态明显变异。结论：急、慢性缺氧均影响受试动物性腺的功能。 Objective: To study the effect of hypoxia on the gonads of male rats. Methods: The low-pressure cabin simulates the elevation of 5km and the altitude of 7km, and chooses 24h, 7d and 20d as the different hypoxia exposure time respectively. Results: After exposure to hypoxia for 5km and 7km, plasma testosterone (T) level increased in male rats. 7d hypoxia exposure, plasma T increased to the highest level, especially in the 7km group increased significantly. After 20 days of hypoxia, plasma T level was significantly decreased in male rats. In addition, 7d, 20d hypoxic exposure, the testicular weight ratio was significantly increased. The study also found that prolonged exposure to hypoxia can lead to increased seminiferous tubules in rats, morphological changes such as disorderly arrangement of various types of cells in the lumen. Acute and subacute hypoxic exposure has not found obvious morphological changes of testis. Conclusion: Both acute and chronic hypoxia affect gonadal function in the tested animals.