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一、理论分析与文献述评党的十八届三中全会确认市场在资源配置中起决定性作用,同时要求政府在资源配置新格局中更好发挥应有的作用,政府与市场缺一不可。从理论上讲,一方面,市场有时存在失灵,无法有效率地分配商品和劳务的情况,一般是由不完全竞争、外部性、信息不对称、交易成本等造成;另一方面,政府有时也存在失灵,做出降低经济效率的决策或不能实施改善经济效率的决策。因此,在资源配置中,市场和政府需要在合理划分职能的基础上实现功能互补。
I. Theoretical Analysis and Literature Review The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee confirms that the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources and requires the government to play its due role in the new pattern of resource allocation. Both the government and the market are indispensable. In theory, on the one hand, sometimes the market is in a situation of failure and inefficient distribution of goods and services, generally resulting from imperfect competition, externalities, asymmetric information and transaction costs; on the other hand, the government sometimes There are failures, making decisions that reduce economic efficiency or failing to implement decisions that improve economic efficiency. Therefore, in the allocation of resources, the market and the government need to achieve functional complementarity on the basis of a reasonable division of functions.