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目的了解北京市门头沟区常住儿童建证、建卡情况和免疫规划疫苗接种情况,为制定计划免疫工作策略提供依据。方法采用容量比例概率抽样方法,于2011—2013年每年抽取门头沟区30个村,调查适龄(1~3岁)儿童建卡、建证和卡介苗、甲肝、乙肝、脊灰、百白破、麻疹、风疹、流腮、乙脑和A群流脑疫苗基础免疫接种情况。结果共调查630名儿童,建证、建卡、卡证符合率均达到99.00%以上,10种基础免疫疫苗接种率均达到100.00%。各种疫苗免疫合格率均达到99%以上,不合格原因主要为超期接种占1.90%(12/630)。本市儿童五苗(卡介苗、脊灰、百白破、麻疹、乙肝)免疫及时率均达到96.00%以上,外来流动儿童五苗免疫及时率均达到84.00%以上,外来儿童的五苗及时率均低于本市儿童(P<0.05或P<0.01);本市、外来儿童四苗(卡介苗、脊灰、百白破、麻疹)全程免疫及时率分别为91.00%(475/522)、72.22%(78/108),外来流动儿童全程免疫及时率较本市儿童低(P<0.01)。本市、外来儿童乙肝疫苗首针及时率分别为98.66%(515/522)、95.37%(103/108),外来流动儿童乙肝疫苗首针及时率较本市儿童低(P<0.05)。结论北京市门头沟区常住儿童免疫接种各项评价指标都达到北京市免疫预防工作规范的相应要求,今后应采取加大计划免疫知识的宣传力度、加强流动儿童管理、提高基层工作人员素质等多种措施来提高儿童及时接种率。
Objective To understand the establishment of resident children’s card and card in Beijing’s Mentougou District and the vaccination status of immunization programs to provide the basis for formulating the strategy of planned immunization. Methods The method of volume proportional probability sampling was used to collect 30 villages of Mentougou District from 2011 to 2013. The results of construction of card, card and BCG, Hepatitis A and B, polio, diphtheria and measles , Rubella, gills, Japanese encephalitis, and group A meningitis vaccine immunization. Results A total of 630 children were surveyed. The coincidence rate of card construction, card construction and card certification reached over 99.00%. The vaccination coverage of 10 kinds of basic vaccines reached 100.00%. Immunization rate of various vaccines reached more than 99%, mainly due to unqualified inoculation accounted for 1.90% (12/630). The immunity and timely rate of five children (BCG, polio, diphtheria, measles and hepatitis B) of children in this Municipality reached above 96.00%, and the rate of timely immunization of five migrants reached more than 84.00% (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The full-time immunization and timely immunization rates of four vaccines (BCG, polio, diphtheria and measles) in this city were 91.00% (475/522) and 72.22% (78/108). The rate of full immunization of migrant children was lower than that of the city children (P <0.01). In this Municipality, the first-in-time rate of Hepatitis B vaccine in foreign children was 98.66% (515/522) and 95.37% (103/108) respectively, and the first needle-to-needle time of Hepatitis B vaccine in migrant children was lower than that in this city (P <0.05). Conclusions The evaluation indicators of immunization for resident children in Mentougou District of Beijing all meet the corresponding requirements of the Beijing Municipality’s work on immunization prevention. In the future, efforts should be made to increase awareness of planned immunization, strengthen the management of migrant children and improve the quality of grassroots workers Measures to improve the timely vaccination rate of children.