论文部分内容阅读
研究不同施肥模式下土壤氮素损失的途径,有助于制定合理的施肥措施.2009年在山东桓台典型高产粮区设置了4种施肥模式:对照(CK)、农民习惯(FP)、优化施肥(OPT)和控释肥(CRF),监测了土壤水氮动态和作物生长状况,采用水氮管理模型(WNMM)模拟了不同施肥模式下玉米季土壤的水分动态和氮素去向.2009年夏玉米季3个施肥处理的氮素淋失量占施肥量的比例范围为6%～18%,平均为12.7%,其中优化施肥处理的氮素淋失量最低,仅为14.5 kg.hm-2.氨挥发量所占的比例范围为5%～34%,平均为20.7%,其中控释肥处理的氨挥发量最低,仅为7.6 kg.hm-2.4个处理的氮素总损失量顺序为:FP处理>OPT处理>CRF处理≈CK处理.本研究表明在保证作物产量的前提下,优化施肥和施用缓控释肥均可以有效减少氮素损失,提高氮肥利用效率和保护生态环境.
To study the ways of soil nitrogen loss under different fertilization modes is helpful to develop reasonable fertilization measures.In 2009, four fertilization modes were set up in Huai-Tai typical high-yielding grain-producing areas in Shandong Province: CK, peasant habit, Fertilizer (OPT) and Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) were used to monitor soil water and nitrogen dynamics and crop growth status. Water and nitrogen management model (WNMM) was used to simulate the soil moisture and nitrogen distribution in different fertilization modes. The proportion of nitrogen leaching to the amount of fertilizer applied in the three maize treatments ranged from 6% to 18% with an average of 12.7%. The amount of nitrogen leaching from the optimized fertilization treatment was the lowest, only 14.5 kg · hm- 2. The proportion of ammonia volatilization in the range of 5% to 34%, an average of 20.7%, of which the controlled release fertilizer ammonia volatilization was the lowest, only 7.6 kg.hm-2.4 total nitrogen loss in the order of treatment : FP treatment> OPT treatment> CRF treatment ≈CK treatment.The research shows that under the precondition of ensuring the crop yield, the optimized fertilization and the application of controlled-release fertilizers can effectively reduce the nitrogen loss, improve the nitrogen use efficiency and protect the ecological environment.