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目的明确吉林省以人群为基础的耳疾与听力障碍的流行病学情况,为吉林省耳疾的防治工作提供科学依据。方法应用《WHO耳疾与听觉障碍调查方案》,通过容量比例概率抽样(PPS)的方法选择40个调查点,实际调查人数为6976人。耳聋残疾的定义和听觉障碍程度的分级采用WHO/PDH97.3推荐的标准,采用EARFORM V6.2(由WHO提供)软件进行资料输入和基本分析。结果911(13.1%)人有听力减退,311(4.5%)人存在听力残疾;城乡人群听力减退率和听力残疾患病率差异无显著性;男性听力减退和听力残疾患病率明显高于女性,差异有显著性;听力减退和听力残疾主要集中在60岁以上人群;患病率较高的耳疾病有耵聍(1.2%),慢性化脓性中耳炎(0.7%),鼓膜干性穿孔(1.4%),分泌性中耳炎(1.0%);19.3%的调查对象需要耳科或听力干预。结论所有听力减退的人群中,老年性耳聋患病率最高。听力残疾的患病率有上升的趋势,急需制定新的预防和治疗听力障碍和耳疾病的政策。
Objective To clarify the population-based prevalence of ear and hearing disorders in Jilin Province and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of ear diseases in Jilin Province. Methods Using the “WHO Program of Ear and Hearing Disorders Investigation”, we selected 40 investigation points by the method of Probability proportionality sampling (PPS), and the actual number of people surveyed was 6976. The definition of deafness disability and the classification of the degree of hearing impairment were based on the criteria recommended by WHO / PDH97.3 and data input and basic analysis were conducted using EARFORM V6.2 (provided by WHO) software. Results One hundred and eleven (13.1%) had hearing loss and 311 (4.5%) had hearing disability. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hearing loss between hearing loss and disability in urban and rural areas. The prevalence of hearing loss and hearing impairment in male was significantly higher than that in female (1.2%), chronic suppurative otitis media (0.7%), dry eardrum perforation (1.4) %), Secretory otitis media (1.0%); 19.3% of respondents required otology or hearing intervention. Conclusion The prevalence of senile deafness is the highest in all people with hearing loss. The prevalence of hearing disability is on the rise, and there is an urgent need to formulate new policies to prevent and treat hearing impairment and ear diseases.