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目的探讨广东省低浓度接尘男性健康工人肺通气功能各项指标的分布特征,并初步拟合出该人群的肺通气功能正常预计值公式,为其肺通气功能检查结果的评估提供参考。方法选取广州地区从事机械加工工作的低浓度接尘男性健康工人2 057名,分析其肺通气功能,并试拟出各项指标的预计值公式,再进一步对结果进行验证。结果用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、第一秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC)、最大呼气中期流速(MMEF)四个指标的实测值均随年龄增加而降低(相关系数依次为-0.426、-0.528、-0.377、-0.298,P<0.01);除FEV1/FVC外,另三个指标随着身高增加而增加(相关系数分别为:FVC 0.609、FEV10.585、MMEF 0.278,P<0.01);除MMEF外,另三个指标和体重有一定相关性(相关系数分别为:FVC 0.222、FEV10.093、FEV1/FVC-0.248,P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析结果提示FVC的影响依次为身高、年龄、体重(β=0.052、-0.018、0.010,P<0.01);FEV1的影响依次为身高、年龄(β=0.048、-0.021,P<0.01);MMEF的影响因素为年龄、身高(β=-0.036、0.035,P<0.01);FEV1/FVC的影响因素为年龄、体重(β=-0.157、-0.137,P<0.01)。新拟合公式计算的预计值与华南地区人群常模公式(1990年)不甚一致,但新预计值与实测值间的差异均无统计学意义(t=1.75、1.67、0.74、0.76,P>0.05)。新拟合公式评价的FVC、FEV1异常率均高于华南地区常模,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=20.83、17.05,P<0.01)。结论本地区健康男性工人的各项肺通气功能指标与身高、年龄、体重存在相关性,新拟合预计值公式比地区常模更符合职业接尘工人的实际情况,建议针对职业接尘工人这一特殊群体,使用调整的地区常模预计值公式进行评价。
Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of lung ventilation function in low-concentration dust-exposed male health workers in Guangdong Province and to preliminarily fit the formula of normal predictive value of lung ventilation function in this population to provide a reference for the assessment of lung ventilation function test results. Methods A total of 2 057 male health workers engaged in mechanical processing in Guangzhou were selected and their pulmonary ventilation function was analyzed. The predicted value formula of each index was tested and the result was further verified. Results The results of FVC, FEV1, FEV1 / FVC, and MMEF were (P <0.01). Except FEV1 / FVC, the other three indexes increased with the increase of height (correlation coefficient: FVC 0.999, FEV1.585, MMEF 0.278, P <0.01). The other three indexes except MMEF were correlated with body weight (FVC 0.222, FEV 10.093, FEV1 / FVC- 0.248, P 0.01 ). The results of multiple linear regression analysis suggested that the effects of FVC were height, age and weight (β = 0.052, -0.018,0.010, P <0.01), and the effects of FEV1 were height, age (β = 0.048,0.021, P <0.01) ). The influencing factors of MMEF were age and height (β = -0.036,0.035, P <0.01). The influencing factors of FEV1 / FVC were age and weight (β = -0.157, -0.137, P <0.01). The predicted values calculated by the new fitting formula are not consistent with those of the population in South China (1990), but there is no significant difference between the new predicted value and the measured value (t = 1.75,1.67,0.74,0.76, P > 0.05). The FVC and FEV1 abnormalities evaluated by the new fitting formula were all higher than those in South China. The differences were statistically significant (χ2 = 20.83,17.05, P <0.01). Conclusions The pulmonary function indexes of healthy male workers in this area are related to the height, age and body weight. The new fitting prediction formula is more suitable for the occupational exposure workers than the local norm. A special group, using the adjusted regional norm predictive value formula for evaluation.