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目的为了解酒泉市中小学生生长发育及营养状况,并为今后制订干预措施提供科学依据。方法按照《学校卫生情况年报表填报说明及技术规范》及《1995年全国城乡学生体质健康调研标准》的要求进行监测评价。结果酒泉市中小学生总体营养状况营养不良和营养过剩同时存在。营养不良发生率为26.77%,营养过剩发生率为15.93%,营养不良发生率女生均高于男生,乡镇学生高于城区学生,且随着学习阶段的提高,学生的营养不良发生率逐渐增高。营养过剩发生率男生均高于女生,城区学生高于乡镇学生。结论应根据学生所处的不同年龄阶段有计划地安排能量和各种营养素的摄入,对农村中小学生给予适当的营养补助,定期对学生开展营养与健康状况的监测和评价,学校应把营养知识纳入学校的教育内容,引导学生养成良好的饮食习惯和生活方式,使其提高自我保健能力,加强体育锻炼,增强体质,从而降低营养不良和营养过剩的发生率。
Objective To understand the growth and nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Jiuquan and to provide a scientific basis for future interventions. Methods The monitoring and evaluation were carried out in accordance with the requirements of “Filing Instructions and Technical Specifications of Annual Report on School Health” and “1995 National Physical Health Survey Standards for Urban and Rural Students”. Results The overall nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Jiuquan City existed malnutrition and excess nutrition. The incidence of malnutrition was 26.77%, and the incidence of overnutrition was 15.93%. The incidence of malnutrition was higher in girls than boys and township students were higher than those in urban areas. With the improvement of learning stage, the incidence of malnutrition among students gradually increased. The incidence of over-nutrition boys were higher than girls, urban students than rural students. Conclusions Students should be arranged according to different stages of life and energy intake of various nutrients, rural primary and secondary students to give appropriate nutritional support, regular nutrition and health status of students to monitor and evaluate the school should nutrition Knowledge into the school’s educational content, and guide students to develop good eating habits and lifestyles, to improve self-care ability, enhance physical activity, enhance physical fitness, thereby reducing the incidence of malnutrition and over-nutrition.