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依据国内外对稻麦秸秆还田的研究进展,从秸秆还田所引起的生态效应、环境物理效应和环境化学效应3个方面综合分析了环境效应的变化,具体表现在秸秆还田能提高土壤孔隙度、降低容重、增强土壤保水保肥保温能力;秸秆还田后提高土壤有机质含量,土壤中氮磷钾养分含量均有增加,尤以钾素的增加最为明显;秸秆还田为微生物提供能源与营养源引起土壤酶的活性变化,对转化酶影响最大,对脲酶活性也有促进作用,对中性磷酸酶作用不大;秸秆还田后明显增加了土壤微生物的总量,并表现出秸秆还田数量越多、时间越长,增加量越多的规律;作物秸秆还田能促进农业可持续发展。
According to the research progress of rice straw and wheat straw returning at home and abroad, the changes of environmental effects are comprehensively analyzed from the aspects of ecological effect, environmental physical effect and environmental chemical effect caused by returning straw to soil. The results show that straw returning can increase soil porosity Degree, and reduce the bulk density, and enhance the capacity of soil water retention and fertilizer retention. After returning straw to soil, the soil organic matter content increased, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil increased, especially the increase of potassium was the most obvious. Nutrient source caused changes in soil enzyme activity, the greatest impact on the invertase, urease activity also contributed to the role of neutral phosphatase is not significant; straw returned to the field significantly increased the total amount of soil microorganisms, and showed straw returning The more the quantity, the longer the time, the more the law of increase; The straw returning to the farm can promote the sustainable development of agriculture.