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Rh血型系统是人类最复杂和最重要的血型系统之一,它包含了数量庞大的致敏原,可导致严重的新生儿溶血病。我们目前已知的基因克隆和功能性的证据表明,Rh蛋白(RhD和RhCE)是Rh血型系统中非常重要的2种蛋白,不仅是许多抗原以及表型的分子基础,还是一类涉及氨转运的膜蛋白。RhAG蛋白作为Rh相关糖蛋白,可以辅助Rh蛋白锚定在红细胞膜上,影响RhD抗原的表达;同时它还可以结合Rh蛋白形成复合体,参与红细胞膜上氨的跨膜转运。本文综述了RhD、RhCE、RhAG 3种蛋白的分子结构,及它们之间相互关系的研究进展。
The Rh blood group, one of the most complex and important blood group systems in humans, contains a large number of allergens that can cause severe hemolytic disease in newborns. Our currently known gene cloning and functional evidence suggests that Rh proteins (RhD and RhCE) are two very important proteins in the Rh blood group that are not only the molecular basis of many antigens and phenotypes but also a class of molecules involved in ammonia transport Of membrane protein. As a Rh-related glycoprotein, RhAG protein can help Rh-protein anchored on the erythrocyte membrane, affecting the expression of RhD antigen. At the same time, RhAG protein can form a complex with Rh protein and participate in the transmembrane transport of ammonia on erythrocyte membrane. This review summarizes the molecular structures of three RhD, RhCE and RhAG proteins and their recent advances in their interactions.