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目的了解汕头市社区居民钠盐摄入情况及钠钾比,为高血压防控措施的制定提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法抽取汕头市澄海区、龙湖区和金平区164名18~90岁居民,进行现场问卷调查和体格检查,并收集24 h尿液,记录尿量后检测尿液中尿钠、尿钾以及尿肌酐的含量。用SPSS 19.0进行t检验、χ~2检验和Pearson相关分析。结果平均每人每天尿量为(1 692.0±607.1)ml,平均24 h尿钠含量为(130.95±54.99)mmol,尿钾含量为(46.98±24.00)mmol,尿肌酐为(7.47±2.41)mmol,钠钾比为3.32±2.02(男性为3.58±1.96,女性为3.25±2.04),转换为钠盐摄入量为(7.65±3.21)g/d[男性为(7.49±3.12)g/d,女性为(7.70±3.25)g/d]。24 h钠肌酐比值及钾肌酐比值女性均明显高于男性,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而不同性别间24 h尿钠、尿钾含量及钠钾比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。24 h尿钠含量随着体质指数(BMI)的增高而上升(r=0.296,P<0.01)。钠盐摄入量与收缩压和舒张压间均呈明显的正相关(r值分别为0.224、0.275,P<0.01)。结论汕头市社区居民钠盐摄入量高于中国居民膳食指南推荐摄入量,且钠盐摄入水平与血压水平间呈正相关,仍需进一步控制钠盐摄入达标及适当增加钾盐的摄入量。
Objective To understand the sodium intake and sodium-potassium ratio of community residents in Shantou City, and to provide basis for the prevention and control measures of hypertension. Methods A total of 164 residents ranging from 18 to 90 years old in Chenghai, Longhu and Jinping District of Shantou City were recruited by cluster sampling method. The questionnaires and physical examinations were conducted. The urine samples were collected for 24 hours. Sodium, urinary potassium and urinary creatinine content. SPSS 19.0 t-test, χ ~ 2 test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results The average daily urinary volume was (1 692.0 ± 607.1) ml, the mean urinary sodium content was (130.95 ± 54.99) mmol, urinary potassium content was (46.98 ± 24.00) mmol, urinary creatinine was (7.47 ± 2.41) mmol , And the sodium to potassium ratio was 3.32 ± 2.02 (3.58 ± 1.96 for males and 3.25 ± 2.04 for females), and was converted to sodium (7.65 ± 3.21) g / d [7.49 ± 3.12] g / d for males, Female (7.70 ± 3.25) g / d]. The ratio of sodium creatinine to potassium creatinine in 24 h women was significantly higher than that in men (P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in 24 h urinary sodium, urine potassium and sodium-potassium ratio among different sexes (P> 0.05). 24 h urine sodium content increased with the body mass index (BMI) and increased (r = 0.296, P <0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between sodium intake and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.224,0.275, P <0.01). Conclusion The intake of sodium in community residents in Shantou is higher than the recommended intake of dietary guidelines of Chinese residents. And there is a positive correlation between the intake of sodium and the level of blood pressure, and further control of sodium intake and appropriate increase of potassium intake Into the amount.