金属水剂清洗按其酸碱性可划分为酸性及偏碱性两类。酸性主要用于除锈、除氧化层、除垢等,在习惯上称为酸洗。偏碱性的主要用于金属表面油污、残盐、结碳清洗、在习惯上称为水剂清洗。国内,在五十年代水剂清洗就开始应用,所选用的都是添加无机盐,如重铬酸盐、偏硅酸盐、磷酸盐、碳酸盐的碱性水溶液。六十年代初,随着表面活性剂的发展,又出现了以非离子型与阴离子型活性剂组合 Metallic liquid cleaning according to their acid-base can be divided into two types of acidic and alkaline. Acid is mainly used for rust removal, in addition to the oxide layer, descaling, etc., in customary known as pickling. Alkaline is mainly used for metal surface oil, residual salt, carbon cleaning knot, in the customary called liquid cleaning. Domestic, in the fifties agent began to use water cleaning, the choice is to add inorganic salts, such as bichromate, metasilicate, phosphate, carbonate alkaline aqueous solution. In the early 1960s, with the development of surfactants, there emerged a combination of nonionic and anionic surfactants