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20世纪20—30年代,陈翰笙和卜凯主持的农村经济调查是民国年间最为著名的社会调查。他们同为欧关培养出来的学者,采用了相同的社会科学调查方法,都在国际学术界得到了认同和赞誉,但对如何解决农村经济问题却得出了差异极大的结论和认识。他们以其卓越的学术成就,分别被称为“中国马克思主义农业经济学家”和“中国资产阶级农业经济学家”。前者观点成为共产党社会革命的理论基石,后者观点成为国民党政府制定农业政策的基础。本文以两人的政治信仰和宗教信仰背景为切入点,分析其经济思想根源的背景差异和导致调查内容的不同侧重点,从而产生了不同的结论和不同时代的评价标准。
In the 1920s and 1930s, the survey of rural economy led by Chen Hansheng and Bu Kai was the most famous social survey in the Republic of China. They used the same methods of social science investigation as those trained by the European Commission. They all received recognition and praise from the international academic circles. However, they reached great conclusions and understanding on how to solve the rural economy. With their outstanding academic achievements, they are respectively called “Chinese Marxist Agricultural Economists” and “Chinese Bourgeois Agricultural Economists.” The former viewpoint became the theoretical foundation of the communist social revolution, and the latter viewpoint became the foundation of the Kuomintang government’s formulation of agricultural policies. Based on their political beliefs and religious beliefs background, this article analyzes the background differences of their economic ideological roots and causes different focuses of the survey contents, which leads to different conclusions and evaluation criteria in different ages.