目的探讨甲状腺癌误诊的原因。方法回顾26例甲状腺癌误诊的临床资料。结果误诊率达31.7%(26/82)。误诊病例中,术前B超检查26例、术中快速冰冻切片检查21例。结论加强对甲状腺癌的认识和提高术中病理检查的阳性率是避免误诊的重要途径。 Objective To explore the causes of misdiagnosis of thyroid cancer. Methods The clinical data of 26 cases of misdiagnosis of thyroid cancer were reviewed. The misdiagnosis rate was 31.7% (26/82). Of the misdiagnosed cases, 26 cases were examined by preoperative B-ultrasound and 21 cases were examined by fast frozen sections during the operation. Conclusion To strengthen the understanding of thyroid cancer and improve the positive rate of intraoperative pathological examination is an important way to avoid misdiagnosis.