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目的了解江西省赣州市农村贫困地区6~18月龄婴幼儿的生长发育和营养健康状况,并对干预组婴幼儿发放婴幼儿辅食营养包(简称营养包)实施营养干预,经过6个月的营养干预以后,评价营养包的干预效果。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在江西省赣州市抽取经济水平相当的3个县分别是赣县、于都和兴国县,其中赣县和于都的483名婴幼儿为干预组进行营养包发放,兴国县的248名婴幼儿为对照组暂不发放营养包。采用自制问卷调查婴幼儿家庭及父母的基本情况,分别测量干预前后2组婴幼儿的身长、体重和血红蛋白浓度,采用WHO Anthro软件测评婴幼儿的生长发育状况,分析干预组和对照组婴幼儿年龄别身高(HAZ)、年龄别体重(WAZ)、身高别体重(WAZ)分值的差异以及2组之间低体重率、生长迟缓率和消瘦率之间的差异,并采用SPSS21.0进行数据统计分析。结果经过6个月的营养干预后,干预组婴幼儿平均身长增加8.2 cm、平均体重增长了2.0 kg,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(t=6.25,P=0.03;t=8.53,P<0.01);干预组的HAZ和WHZ与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(t=7.23,P=0.02;t=9.67,P<0.01);干预组婴幼儿血红蛋白平均浓度由(108.5±14.4)g/L增加到(117.4±12.1)g/L,并且高于对照组婴幼儿,干预组贫血检出率由53.9%降至24.8%(χ~2=15.49,P=0.04),差异有统计学意义。结论通过实施营养干预给婴幼儿添加营养包,能够明显的改善婴幼儿的营养不良现状和贫血状况,促进婴幼儿体格发育。
Objective To understand the growth and nutritional status of infants aged 6-18 months in rural poverty-stricken areas of Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province. Nutritional interventions were given to infants in infants and young children in the intervention group for nutritional supplements (referred to as nutrition packs) for infants and young children for 6 months After nutrition intervention, evaluate the effect of nutritional package intervention. Methods A multistage stratified random sampling method was used to extract 483 infants and young children from Gan County, Xingdu County and Xingguo County in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province. The three counties with the same economic level were selected as the intervention group Package distribution, Xingguo County, 248 infants and young children for the control group temporarily do not release nutrition package. The self-made questionnaire was used to survey the infants’ families and parents’ basic conditions. The body length, body weight and hemoglobin concentration were measured before and after intervention in each group. WHO Anthro software was used to measure the growth and development of infants and toddlers. The infants’ ages The differences of HAZ, WAZ and WAZ between the two groups and the differences of low body weight, growth retardation and emaciation between the two groups were analyzed by using SPSS21.0 Statistical Analysis. Results After six months of nutritional intervention, the mean length of infants in the intervention group increased by 8.2 cm and the average body weight increased by 2.0 kg (t = 6.25, P = 0.03; t = 8.53 (T = 7.23, P = 0.02; t = 9.67, P <0.01). The average hemoglobin concentration in infants in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (108.5 ± 14.4) g / L to (117.4 ± 12.1) g / L, and higher than the control group, the detection rate of anemia in the intervention group decreased from 53.9% to 24.8% (χ ~ 2 = 15.49, P = 0.04) The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Nutritional intervention to infants and young children through the implementation of nutrition package, can significantly improve the status of infantile malnutrition and anemia, and promote physical development of infants and young children.