作出决定的艺术 古谚有云:政治家是在任职期间成熟起来的。根据我的经验,情况并非如此。高级官职使政治家学会怎样作出决定,却并不教给他实质性的东西。它使用学识,却并不增长学识。多数高级官员在离职时抱有和刚任职时相同的看法和洞察力;他们学会的是怎样作出决定,而不是作出什么决定。 The ancient saying goes that the politicians are mature during their tenure. In my experience, this is not the case. Senior officials make politicians learn how to make decisions, but do not teach him substantive things. It uses knowledge, but does not increase knowledge. Most senior officials share the same views and insights when leaving office as they did when they first assumed office; what they learned was how to make a decision, not a decision.