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土壤水力特性是研究土壤中溶质、养分等运移时不可或缺的重要参数,对农田灌溉、农业施肥以及水土保持工程设计等具有重要的指导意义。然而,煤炭井工开采会产生严重的地表变形致使土地塌陷,破坏土壤的各种性质,其中对土壤水力特性的影响极大。本文首先阐述了土壤水力特性的内涵,并介绍了几种常见的水力特性参数;随后从采煤塌陷对土壤水力特性参数、土壤侵蚀的影响以及采煤塌陷区土壤水力特性空间变异性及指标预测几方面系统地梳理和总结了国内外相关研究进展。发现当前关于采煤塌陷对土壤水力特性影响研究的重视不够,地表变形条件下土壤水力特性参数获取方法欠缺,土壤水力特性变化机理与相应的调控措施研究不足。未来应注重土壤水力特性指标的高精度无损获取方法与三维显示技术的研究,并加强塌陷对土壤水力特性影响规律和机理的分析,遴选和研发适宜调控土壤水力特性的土壤重构措施。
Soil hydraulic properties are indispensable for studying the transport of solutes and nutrients in soils and have important guiding significance for farmland irrigation, agricultural fertilization and soil and water conservation engineering design. However, coal mining can cause serious surface deformation and lead to the collapse of the land, destroying the various properties of the soil, which greatly affects the hydraulic characteristics of the soil. In this paper, firstly, the connotation of soil hydraulic characteristics and some common hydraulic parameters are introduced. Then from the influence of coal mining collapse on soil hydraulic parameters and soil erosion, as well as spatial variability of soil hydraulic characteristics and prediction of coal mining subsidence area Several aspects systematically sort out and summarize the relevant research progress at home and abroad. It is found that the current research on the effect of coal mining subsidence on soil hydraulic properties is not enough, the method of obtaining soil hydraulic parameters under the condition of surface deformation is deficient, the mechanism of soil hydraulic properties change and the corresponding regulation and control measures are not enough. In the future, we should pay attention to the study of high-precision non-destructive acquisition methods and 3D display technology of soil hydraulic characteristics, strengthen the analysis of law and mechanism of soil hydraulic characteristics caused by collapse, and select and develop soil reconstruction measures suitable for controlling soil hydraulic characteristics.