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本文概述了汉语词类研究的现状,认为1953年至1955年的汉语词类问题讨论是“文法革新讨论”的继续,为深入研究汉语词类奠定了基础。文章指出这50年来汉语词类研究取得了很大的进展:区分词类由多标准转为单一功能标准;对功能的形式特征及各种词类进行了更深入的探索;提出了当前词类研究中存在的问题。文章论述了汉语词类的几个理论问题:认为词的词汇意义是划分词类的基础,但不是分类的根据;主张把分类的根据和辨类的方法区别开来;认为词有三种语法功能(句法功能、语义功能、语用功能),理论上词的语法类可分为句法类、语义类、语用类;主张三种功能类既分开又结合来构建实用的汉语语法体系;提出了词类区分的几条原则和汉语词类体系的层级处理以及某些词类在定性上需要进一步讨论的问题。
This article summarizes the current situation of Chinese word classics, and holds that the discussion of Chinese word class from 1953 to 1955 is a continuation of the discussion of grammatical reform and lays the foundation for further study of Chinese word class. The article points out that great progress has been made in the research of Chinese word categories over the past 50 years: the distinction of word categories from multi-criteria to single-function standards; further exploration of the formal features of functions and various parts of speech; and the existence of problem. The article discusses several theoretical issues of Chinese word categories: the word meaning of words is the basis for the classification of word categories, but not the basis for classification; the difference between the classification basis and the method of distinguishing classes; the belief that words have three kinds of grammatical functions Function, semantic function and pragmatic function). In theory, grammatical categories of words can be divided into syntactic categories, semantic categories, and pragmatic categories. Advocates that the three functional categories are both separate and combined to construct a practical Chinese grammar system. And the hierarchical processing of the Chinese part-of-speech system as well as some questions that need to be further discussed qualitatively in some parts of speech.