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目的研究电镀厂周边居民主要膳食中铬的健康风险。方法依据GB/T 5009.123《食品中铬的测定》方法测定粮食、蔬菜中铬含量,结合2011年本区居民膳食营养与健康状况调查数据,采用风险指数评估法、点评估法和化学致癌物风险模型法进行评价,参照中国营养学会对总铬的最高上限标准以及美国环保局(EPA)的《致癌风险评价指南》对人群进行健康风险评估。结果电镀厂周边农作物铬总体合格率为93.8%,其中100%的粮食样品为优良,72.3%的蔬菜样品为优良,15.4%为安全,12.3%为轻污染。主要膳食中铬的日均暴露量最大值为323.57μg/d,低于可耐受最高摄入量(UL=500μg/d),风险指数(RI)的最大值为0.647。人群经粮食、蔬菜摄入铬的最大暴露量低于EPA《致癌风险评价指南》中人体最大可接受水平。结论电镀厂周边部分蔬菜受到铬污染,周边居民主要膳食铬暴露的健康风险较低,但有必要加强监管,降低蔬菜中铬的污染。
Objective To study the health risks of chromium in the main meals of residents around electroplating factories. Methods According to the method of GB / T 5009.123 Determination of Chromium in Foodstuff, the content of chromium in food and vegetables was determined. According to the survey data of dietary nutrition and health of residents in this area in 2011, the risk index evaluation method, evaluation method and chemical carcinogen risk Model method to evaluate the health risks of the population according to the Chinese Society of Nutrition’s maximum level of total chromium and the EPA’s Guide to Cancer Risk Assessment. Results The overall pass rate of chromium in the crops around the electroplating factory was 93.8%, of which 100% of the food samples were fine, 72.3% of the vegetable samples were fine, 15.4% were safe and 12.3% were light pollution. The maximum daily mean exposure to chromium in the main diet was 323.57 μg / d, which was lower than the highest tolerable intake (UL = 500 μg / d) and the maximum risk index (RI) was 0.647. The maximum exposure of people to chromium through food and vegetables is less than the maximum acceptable level of human body in the EPA Guide to Cancer Risk Assessment. Conclusion Some vegetables in the peripheral part of electroplating factory are polluted by chromium, and the health risk of exposure to main dietary chromium in surrounding residents is low, but it is necessary to strengthen supervision and reduce the pollution of chromium in vegetables.