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研究汽车与护栏碰撞过程中车辆的理想运动规律和护栏的防撞机理,以提高护栏的耐撞性能。在LS-DYNA软件平台中,根据样车的结构参数和高速公路护栏安全性能评价标准,建立了“汽车-乘员-护栏”碰撞耦合系统有限元模型。碰撞仿真结果表明,护栏通过变形吸收了62.2%的动能,起到了很好的导向作用。汽车的驶出角为8.2°,可以有效避免二次事故发生。护栏的最大横向变形为750mm,假人头部性能指标HPC为508,假人胸部性能指标THPC为25.2mm,假人腿部性能指标FPC为1.15kN,均小于法规规定的标准值,汽车与护栏碰撞时不会对乘员造成严重伤害。
Research on the ideal law of motion of the vehicle and the anti-collision mechanism of the guardrail during the collision between the guardrail and the guardrail so as to improve the crashworthiness of the guardrail. In the LS-DYNA software platform, the finite element model of the “car-occupant-guardrail” collision coupling system is established according to the structural parameters of the prototype car and the evaluation criteria of the safety performance of the highway guardrail. The crash simulation results show that the guardrail absorbed 62.2% of the kinetic energy through deformation and played a very good guiding role. The car’s exit angle of 8.2 °, can effectively prevent the occurrence of secondary accidents. The maximum lateral deformation of the guardrail is 750mm, the HPC of the dummy head performance index is 508, the THPC of the dummy chest performance index is 25.2mm, and the FPC of the dummy leg performance index is 1.15kN, which are both smaller than the standard values stipulated by laws and regulations. Collision will not cause serious injury to occupants.