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宪法实施理论不仅仅是建构一个实施机关的技术性问题,而是要发掘和探讨宪法实施的内在商谈机制。宪法实施的本质应该是人民通过各种制度化与公共领域的途径就宪法问题进行理性对话,是一个不断展现宪法规范的道德内涵和语义深度的历史过程,最终增进政治共同体对共同善的理解和认识。应该在法治主义延长线上讨论宪法实施的民主本质。宪法实施的商谈机制可以分为建制化商谈与公共领域商谈、论证性商谈与运用性商谈、日常商谈与非常商谈等多种结构类型,并可提炼出各自具体的制度设计。无论何种制度安排都必须遵循合宪性、程序性、互惠性、分权性、公共性等理性约束条件,从而确保宪法实施成为现代政治成熟的民族国家的最高公共生活方式。
The theory of constitutional enforcement is not only a technical issue of constructing an implementing organ, but a mechanism of exploring and discussing the internal negotiation of constitutional implementation. The essence of constitutional implementation should be the people’s rational dialogues on constitutional issues through various institutional and public spheres. It is a historical process that continuously demonstrates the moral connotation and semantic depth of constitutional norms and ultimately enhances the political community’s understanding of common good and understanding. The democratic nature of constitutional implementation should be discussed on the extension of legalism. The negotiation mechanism for the implementation of the Constitution can be divided into a variety of structural types such as institutionalized negotiations and discussions in the public domain, demonstrative discussions and operational discussions, daily negotiations and extraordinary discussions, and their respective system designs can be refined. No matter what kind of institutional arrangement, we must follow the rational constraints such as constitutionality, procedurality, reciprocity, decentralization and publicity, so as to ensure that the implementation of the Constitution becomes the highest public life style of a modernized and politicized nation-state.