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【目的】研究载锌凹凸棒石黏土对瘤胃体外发酵细菌多样性的影响。【方法】本试验采用离子交换法制备载锌凹凸棒石黏土,利用16S rDNA测序技术分析了载锌凹凸棒石黏土对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵细菌菌群和多样性的影响。【结果】研究共获得1490959个有效序列和87662个OUTs。测序结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅳ组中的细菌多样性在体外发酵24 h时提高,试验Ⅳ组中的细菌丰度在体外发酵48 h时提高。细菌菌群组成分析表明,60个样本中的优势菌门主要是厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和黏胶球形菌门。与对照组相比,各试验组的厚壁菌门在体外发酵24 h和48 h时均显著增加(P<0.05),试验Ⅳ组中拟杆菌门在发酵48 h时显著降低(P<0.05);60个样本中共获得124个细菌菌属,其中对照组与试验组中普氏菌属含量均没有显著变化(P>0.05)。在体外发酵48 h时,试验Ⅳ组中密螺旋体属含量与对照组相比显著增加(P<0.05),而食物谷菌属和假丁酸弧菌属含量与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】载锌凹凸棒石黏土对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵中细菌多样性产生一定影响,其影响随发酵时间和添加剂量而不同。
【Objective】 The effect of zinc-bearing attapulgite clay on bacterial diversity in rumen fermentation was studied. 【Method】 In this study, zinc-loaded attapulgite clay was prepared by ion-exchange method. The effect of zinc-carrying attapulgite clay on the bacterial flora and diversity of ruminal in vitro fermentation was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. 【Result】 A total of 1490959 valid sequences and 87662 OUTs were obtained. Sequencing results showed that compared with the control group, the bacterial diversity in group Ⅳ increased after 24 h of fermentation in vitro. The abundance of bacteria in group Ⅳ increased in 48 h after in vitro fermentation. Bacterial flora analysis showed that the predominant fungi in 60 samples were mainly Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Viscidium. Compared with the control group, the number of Fectobacteria in each experimental group increased significantly at 24 h and 48 h (P <0.05), and the number of Bacteroidetes decreased significantly at 48 h (P <0.05) ). Of the 60 samples, 124 bacterial species were obtained, of which the contents of Prevotella in the control group and the experimental group did not change significantly (P> 0.05). At 48 h in vitro, the content of Treponema in group Ⅳ increased significantly (P <0.05) compared with the control group, while the content of food and genus Vibrio was significantly lower than that of the control group P <0.05). 【Conclusion】 Zinc-bearing attapulgite clay has some effects on the bacterial diversity of ruminal in vitro fermentation of dairy cows, and the effect varies with the fermentation time and the dosage.