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目的了解某化工企业工人MSDs患病情况及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法,在某化工企业采用经修改的北欧国家MSDs标准调查表对593名化工工人进行横断面调查,得到有效问卷538份。结果该化工企业工人腰部MSDs患病最为严重,年患病率达67.60%,其次为肩(62.41%)和颈(61.87%)部,多部位发生MSDs构成比为76.64%。不同年龄、学历、婚姻、休息状况、工作环境、工作满意、工作疲劳程度、工种、工龄(除踝外)、以及人员是否短缺(除颈、髋臀外)、是否有加班(除颈、腰外)组间,各部位MSDs年患病率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);患病部位数女性大于男性,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.066,P﹤0.01),女性颈、肩、腰、髋臀、膝部患病率高于男性。对MSDs患病率最高的腰部进行危险因素回归分析表明,工作时弯腰转身同时存在、长时间统一姿势工作、短时间做大力气动作、用手或胳膊做出很大的力气、推拉>5kg重物、工作时大幅度弯腰、手保持在肩及以下、用手捏住物体均可增加腰部MSDs患病率(P﹤0.01),前4项以及性别、工作疲劳和工作不满意OR值均>2,可认为是化工工人腰部MSDs危险因素。对工作不满意者多部位MSDs患病风险是满意者10.86倍,50岁以上是30岁以下10.64倍,女性是男性6.81倍,长时间统一姿势工作对多部位MSDs患病影响也较明显,OR值达5.98。结论化工工人MSDs患病率较高,并以腰、肩、颈部为主,年龄、学历、婚姻、性别等个体因素,工作不满意、疲劳等心理因素,工龄、工种、工作环境等职业因素以及休息状况、人员短缺、加班等工作组织因素是导致化工工人各部位MSDs患病的危险因素。性别、工作时弯腰转身同时存在、长时间同一姿势工作、短时间做大力气动作等是影响腰部MSDs患病的危险因素。工作不满意、年龄、性别以及长时间统一姿势是导致多部位患病的危险因素。
Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of MSDs in a chemical enterprise worker. Methods A total of 538 valid questionnaires were obtained from 593 chemical workers using a cluster sampling method in a chemical company using a modified Nordic country MSDs questionnaire. Results The MSDs of the workers in the chemical industry were the most prevalent. The annual prevalence was 67.60%, followed by the shoulder (62.41%) and the neck (61.87%). MSDs in multiple sites were 76.64%. Whether overtime (except neck, waist and abdomen), age, education background, marriage, rest situation, work environment, job satisfaction, work fatigue, type of work, length of service (P <0.01 or P <0.05). The prevalence of MSDs was higher in males than in males (t = -4.066, P <0.01) ), Female neck, shoulder, waist, hip hip, knee prevalence higher than men. Regression analysis of the risk factors for the lumbar MSDs with the highest prevalence showed that they bend over at work and exist at the same time. They work for a long time in a unified manner and work hard for a short time. They use great force in their hands or arms to push and pull> 5kg Heavy objects, bent over at work, with hands held on the shoulders and below, pinching the objects with their hands increased the prevalence of MSDs in the waist (P <0.01), the first 4 items and the sex, work fatigue and job dissatisfaction OR All> 2, can be considered chemical workers waist MSDs risk factors. The risk factors for MSDs were 10.86 times those who were dissatisfied with their jobs, 10.64 times those older than 30 years old and 6.81 times that of men. The long-term uniformed posture had a more obvious effect on MSDs in multiple locations. OR The value of 5.98. Conclusion The prevalence of MSDs in chemical workers is high, with the main factors of waist, shoulders and neck, personal factors such as age, education, marriage and gender, dissatisfaction with work, psychological factors such as fatigue, working age, type of work, working environment and other occupational factors As well as organizational factors such as rest conditions, staff shortages and overtime work are risk factors for MSDs in various parts of chemical workers. Sex, bent over at work, exist at the same time, a long time the same posture work, a short time to do great efforts are the risk factors affecting the waist MSDs. Job dissatisfaction, age, gender, and prolonged uniformed posture are risk factors for multiple locations.