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中国古代对美的理解,主要有两个基点:一是基于人,一是基于自然。由此产生两个基本观点:(1)美在文明。这一观点可溯源于《周易》,它主要是儒家学派的观点。儒家对文明的理解主要是善,包括仁与礼。(2)美在自然。这主要是道家学派的观点。道家提出“道法自然”说。“自然”的含义是自然而然。中国人提出一个特殊的概念:“化”。化是和谐的极致。在美学上,主观因素与客观因素的统一为化,它所产生的形象称之为“境界”。中国美学的最高命题是“美在境界”。由美在文明、美在自然,到最后美在境界,经过了一系列的精神超越。
Ancient Chinese understanding of the United States, there are two main points: First, based on people, one is based on nature. The resulting two basic points: (1) the United States in civilization. This view can be traced back to the “Book of Changes”, it is mainly the Confucian school’s point of view. Confucian understanding of civilization is mainly good, including benevolence and courtesy. (2) Beauty is in nature. This is mainly the Taoist school’s point of view. Taoist proposed “Taoist nature ” said. “Natural ” is the meaning of natural. The Chinese put forward a special concept: “化”. Is the ultimate harmony. In aesthetics, the unification of subjective and objective factors serves as a reality, and the image it produces is called “realm”. The highest proposition of Chinese aesthetics is “beauty in realm ”. By the United States in civilization, the United States in nature, the United States in the final state, after a series of spiritual transcendence.